वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-19

इत्येवं विलपन् राजा जनौघेनाभिसंवृतः ।
अपस्नात इवारिष्टं प्रविवेश पुरोत्तमम् ॥१९॥

19. ityevaṃ vilapan rājā janaughenābhisaṃvṛtaḥ ,
apasnāta ivāriṣṭaṃ praviveśa purottamam.

19. iti evam vilapan rājā janaughena abhisaṃvṛtaḥ
apasnātaḥ iva ariṣṭam praviveśa purottamam

19. rājā iti evam vilapan janaughena abhisaṃvṛtaḥ
ariṣṭam apasnātaḥ iva purottamam praviveśa

19. Lamenting in this manner, the king, surrounded by a throng of people, entered the excellent city as one who has just performed a ritual bath for an inauspicious occasion.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this way

• विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, weeping

• राजा (rājā) - king

• जनौघेन (janaughena) - by the multitude of people, by the crowd

• अभिसंवृतः (abhisaṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• अपस्नातः (apasnātaḥ) - one who has bathed after a funeral rite or event of mourning (one who has bathed after an inauspicious event)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अरिष्टम् (ariṣṭam) - an inauspicious event (like a death or mourning) that necessitates a ritual bath (calamity, ill-luck, bad omen)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered

• पुरोत्तमम् (purottamam) - the best city, excellent city

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Used to indicate direct speech or a manner

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, weeping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lap

lap - to lament, to wail, to speak

Present Active Participle

From root √lap (to speak) with prefix vi (apart, intensely)

Prefix: vi

Root: √lap (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

जनौघेन (janaughena) - by the multitude of people, by the crowd

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of janaugha

janaugha - multitude of people, crowd

Compound of jana (people) and ogha (flood, multitude)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+ogha)

• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: √jan (class 4)
• ogha – flood, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)

अभिसंवृतः (abhisaṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛ

vṛ - to cover, to surround, to encompass

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛ (to cover) with prefixes abhi (towards, around) and sam (completely)

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: √vṛ (class 5)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'rājā'.

अपस्नातः (apasnātaḥ) - one who has bathed after a funeral rite or event of mourning (one who has bathed after an inauspicious event)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apasnāta

apasnāta - one who has bathed after a funeral rite or inauspicious event

Past Passive Participle

From root √snā (to bathe) with prefix apa (away, off)

Prefix: apa

Root: √snā (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially, comparing the king's state to such a person.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

अरिष्टम् (ariṣṭam) - an inauspicious event (like a death or mourning) that necessitates a ritual bath (calamity, ill-luck, bad omen)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ariṣṭa

ariṣṭa - unharmed, safe (adj); bad luck, calamity, omen (noun)

From a- (not) + √riṣ (to hurt). Here used as a noun meaning misfortune or a sign of it.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+riṣṭa)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• riṣṭa – hurt, injured, damaged
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √riṣ (to hurt, injure)
  Root: √riṣ (class 4)

Note: Used as the object of comparison with 'apasnāta'.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

Perfect tense (liṭ) of root √viś (to enter) with prefix pra (forth, into)

Prefix: pra

Root: √viś (class 6)

पुरोत्तमम् (purottamam) - the best city, excellent city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of purottama

purottama - best city, excellent city

Compound of pura (city) and uttama (best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pura+uttama)

• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• uttama – best, highest, foremost
  adjective (neuter)
  Superlative degree of ud

Note: Object of 'praviveśa'.