वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-20

शून्यचत्वरवेश्मान्तां संवृतापणदेवताम् ।
क्लान्तदुर्बलदुःखार्तां नात्याकीर्णमहापथाम् ॥२०॥

20. śūnyacatvaraveśmāntāṃ saṃvṛtāpaṇadevatām ,
klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtāṃ nātyākīrṇamahāpathām.

20. śūnyacatvaraveśmāntām saṃvṛtāpaṇadevatām
klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtām na atyākīrṇamahāpathām

20. śūnyacatvaraveśmāntām saṃvṛtāpaṇadevatām
klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtām na atyākīrṇamahāpathām

20. It had deserted squares and empty houses, its shops were closed and temples covered (or deserted), and it was weary, weak, and afflicted by sorrow; its main roads were not overly crowded.

Words meanings summery:

• शून्यचत्वरवेश्मान्ताम् (śūnyacatvaraveśmāntām) - describing the city as having deserted squares and empty houses (having empty squares and houses)

• संवृतापणदेवताम् (saṁvṛtāpaṇadevatām) - describing the city as having shops closed and temples covered or deserted due to mourning (having closed shops and covered/deserted deities/temples)

• क्लान्तदुर्बलदुःखार्ताम् (klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtām) - describing the city as personified with weariness, weakness, and distress due to sorrow (weary, weak, and distressed by sorrow)

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्याकीर्णमहापथाम् (atyākīrṇamahāpathām) - describing the city as having main roads that are not overly crowded (having great roads not excessively crowded)

Words meanings and morphology

शून्यचत्वरवेश्मान्ताम् (śūnyacatvaraveśmāntām) - describing the city as having deserted squares and empty houses (having empty squares and houses)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śūnyacatvaraveśmānta

śūnyacatvaraveśmānta - having empty squares and houses

Bahuvrihi compound describing the city. śūnya (empty) + catvara (square) + veśman (house) + anta (end, boundary, or indicative of having)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śūnya+catvara+veśman+anta)

• śūnya – empty, void, deserted
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √śū (to swell) or √śvi (to swell), meaning hollowed out, empty
  Root: √śū (class 1)
• catvara – courtyard, square, quadrangle
  noun (neuter)
• veśman – house, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
  n-stem noun
• anta – end, boundary, vicinity, characteristic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'purīm' (city) from the next verse.

संवृतापणदेवताम् (saṁvṛtāpaṇadevatām) - describing the city as having shops closed and temples covered or deserted due to mourning (having closed shops and covered/deserted deities/temples)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃvṛtāpaṇadevatā

saṁvṛtāpaṇadevatā - with covered shops and temples/deities

Bahuvrihi compound describing the city. saṃvṛta (covered, closed) + āpaṇa (shop) + devatā (deity, temple). This compound describes a city where normal activity has ceased, and even places of worship are affected by the sorrow.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃvṛta+āpaṇa+devatā)

• saṃvṛta – covered, closed, concealed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vṛ (to cover) with prefix sam (completely)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √vṛ (class 5)
• āpaṇa – shop, market, bazaar
  noun (masculine)
  From root √paṇ (to barter, trade) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √paṇ (class 1)
• devatā – deity, divinity
  noun (feminine)
  From deva (god), feminine suffix -tā

Note: Modifies 'purīm' (city) from the next verse.

क्लान्तदुर्बलदुःखार्ताम् (klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtām) - describing the city as personified with weariness, weakness, and distress due to sorrow (weary, weak, and distressed by sorrow)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtā

klāntadurbaladuḥkhārtā - weary, weak, and distressed by sorrow

Bahuvrihi compound describing the city. klānta (weary) + durbala (weak) + duḥkha (sorrow) + ārta (afflicted). The city is personified as suffering.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (klānta+durbala+duḥkha+ārta)

• klānta – weary, fatigued, exhausted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √klam (to be weary)
  Root: √klam (class 1)
• durbala – weak, feeble
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of dur (bad, difficult) and bala (strength)
  Prefix: dur
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ṛ (to go, move), here with prefix ā or directly from ārt (to pain)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √ṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'purīm' (city) from the next verse.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following adjective.

अत्याकीर्णमहापथाम् (atyākīrṇamahāpathām) - describing the city as having main roads that are not overly crowded (having great roads not excessively crowded)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of atyākīrṇamahāpathā

atyākīrṇamahāpathā - having great roads excessively crowded

Bahuvrihi compound describing the city. ati (excessively) + ākīrṇa (crowded) + mahā (great) + patha (road). Here it's negated by 'na', so 'not excessively crowded'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ati+ākīrṇa+mahāpatha)

• ati – exceedingly, excessively, beyond
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excess or intensity
• ākīrṇa – scattered, crowded, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṝ (to scatter) with prefix ā (towards, fully)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √kṝ (class 6)
• mahāpatha – main road, highway
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of mahā (great) and patha (road)

Note: Modifies 'purīm' (city) from the next verse.