वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-10

अथ रेणुसमुध्वस्तं तमुत्थाप्य नराधिपम् ।
न्यवर्तत तदा देवी कौसल्या शोककर्शिता ॥१०॥

10. atha reṇusamudhvastaṃ tamutthāpya narādhipam ,
nyavartata tadā devī kausalyā śokakarśitā.

10. atha reṇusamudhvastaṃ tam utthāpya narādhipam
nyavartata tadā devī kausalyā śokakarśitā

10. atha tadā śokakarśitā devī kausalyā
reṇusamudhvastaṃ taṃ narādhipam utthāpya nyavartata

10. Then, having lifted up that king, who was covered with dust, Queen Kausalya, emaciated by grief, returned.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• रेणुसमुध्वस्तं (reṇusamudhvastaṁ) - covered with dust (covered with dust, smeared with dust)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

• उत्थाप्य (utthāpya) - having lifted up (having raised, having caused to rise)

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - the king (king, ruler of men)

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - returned (returned, turned back)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• देवी (devī) - Queen (goddess, queen, lady)

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (Kausalya (name of a queen))

• शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief (emaciated by sorrow, distressed by grief)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

रेणुसमुध्वस्तं (reṇusamudhvastaṁ) - covered with dust (covered with dust, smeared with dust)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of reṇusamudhvasta

reṇusamudhvasta - covered with dust, smeared with dust

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'reṇu' and 'samudhvasta', derived from root 'dhvas' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (reṇu+samudhvasta)

• reṇu – dust, pollen
  noun (masculine)
• samudhvasta – scattered, agitated, covered, smeared
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'dhvas' (to scatter, agitate) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: dhvas (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, part of a compound, modifying 'tam narādhipam'.

तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king, Daśaratha.

उत्थाप्य (utthāpya) - having lifted up (having raised, having caused to rise)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ud' and causal suffix 'apya'

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - the king (king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to King Daśaratha.

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - returned (returned, turned back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of nivart

Imperfect, ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

देवी (devī) - Queen (goddess, queen, lady)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (Kausalya (name of a queen))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief (emaciated by sorrow, distressed by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokakarśita

śokakarśita - emaciated by sorrow, distressed by grief

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'śoka' (sorrow) and 'karśita' (emaciated, distressed, from root 'kṛś')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+karśita)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
• karśita – emaciated, distressed, weakened
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'kṛś' (to become thin, emaciated)
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Kausalya.