वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-37, verse-13

विललाप च दुःखार्तः प्रियं पुत्रमनुस्मरन् ।
नगरान्तमनुप्राप्तं बुद्ध्वा पुत्रमथाब्रवीत् ॥१३॥

13. vilalāpa ca duḥkhārtaḥ priyaṃ putramanusmaran ,
nagarāntamanuprāptaṃ buddhvā putramathābravīt.

13. vilalāpa ca duḥkhārtaḥ priyam putram anusmaran
nagarāntam anuprāptam buddhvā putram atha abravīt

13. ca duḥkhārtaḥ priyam putram anusmaran vilalāpa.
atha nagarāntam anuprāptam putram buddhvā abravīt

13. And he, afflicted by sorrow, lamented, remembering his dear son. Then, having realized that his son had reached the city limits, he spoke concerning his son.

Words meanings summery:

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - he lamented (he lamented, he wept aloud)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by pain)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear (dear, beloved, pleasing)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

• नगरान्तम् (nagarāntam) - the city limits (to the edge of the city, city limits)

• अनुप्राप्तम् (anuprāptam) - having reached (having reached, having arrived at)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having realized (having understood, having realized)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - concerning his son (son)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

विललाप (vilalāpa) - he lamented (he lamented, he wept aloud)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vilap

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Main verb for the first clause.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this action to previous events.

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by pain

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'duḥkha' (pain, sorrow) and 'ārta' (afflicted, distressed, from root 'ṛ')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, move) and a special formation for 'afflicted'
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Adjective describing the subject (king).

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear (dear, beloved, pleasing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Note: Modifies 'putram'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'anusmaran'.

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recollecting

Present Active Participle

From root 'smṛ' (to remember) with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject (king).

नगरान्तम् (nagarāntam) - the city limits (to the edge of the city, city limits)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nagarānta

nagarānta - edge of the city, city limits

Compound of 'nagara' (city) and 'anta' (end, edge)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nagara+anta)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• anta – end, edge, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'anuprāptam'.

अनुप्राप्तम् (anuprāptam) - having reached (having reached, having arrived at)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - having reached, having arrived at, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefixes 'anu' and 'pra'

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies the implied object (Rama) of 'buddhvā'.

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having realized (having understood, having realized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'budh' (to know, understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Action performed by the main subject (king) before speaking.

पुत्रम् (putram) - concerning his son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'abravīt'. Interpreted as 'spoke about his son'.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the next main action.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb for the second clause.