वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-13, verse-23

प्रपन्नो राजमार्गं च पताका ध्वजशोभितम् ।
स सूतस्तत्र शुश्राव रामाधिकरणाः कथाः ॥२३॥

23. prapanno rājamārgaṃ ca patākā dhvajaśobhitam ,
sa sūtastatra śuśrāva rāmādhikaraṇāḥ kathāḥ.

23. prapannaḥ rājamārgam ca patākā dhvajaśobhitam
saḥ sūtaḥ tatra śuśrāva rāmādhikaraṇāḥ kathāḥ

23. saḥ sūtaḥ patākā dhvajaśobhitam rājamārgam
prapannaḥ ca tatra rāmādhikaraṇāḥ kathāḥ śuśrāva

23. The charioteer, having entered the royal road, which was adorned with banners and flags, heard stories there concerning Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रपन्नः (prapannaḥ) - having entered, having reached, having resorted to

• राजमार्गम् (rājamārgam) - royal road

• च (ca) - and, also

• पताका (patākā) - banner, flag, standard

• ध्वजशोभितम् (dhvajaśobhitam) - adorned with flags

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to the charioteer Sumantra) (he, that)

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - The charioteer (Sumantra) (charioteer)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

• रामाधिकरणाः (rāmādhikaraṇāḥ) - relating to Rama, concerning Rama

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, tales, narratives

Words meanings and morphology

प्रपन्नः (prapannaḥ) - having entered, having reached, having resorted to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prapanna

prapanna - entered, reached, sought refuge, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'pad' with prefix 'pra', meaning 'to go, to reach'.

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies the implied subject, the charioteer.

राजमार्गम् (rājamārgam) - royal road

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājamārga

rājamārga - royal road, king's highway

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpurusha (rājan+mārga)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – road, path, way
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पताका (patākā) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patākā

patākā - banner, flag, standard

Note: Used here descriptively in apposition to 'rājamārgam', implying 'with banners'.

ध्वजशोभितम् (dhvajaśobhitam) - adorned with flags

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvajaśobhita

dhvajaśobhita - adorned with flags, decorated with banners

Past Passive Participle (used adjectivally)

Compound adjective, 'śobhita' (adorned) by 'dhvaja' (flags).

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (dhvaja+śobhita)

• dhvaja – flag, banner
  noun (masculine)
• śobhita – adorned, decorated, shining
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śubh' (to shine, be beautiful).
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājamārgam'.

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to the charioteer Sumantra) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - The charioteer (Sumantra) (charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

रामाधिकरणाः (rāmādhikaraṇāḥ) - relating to Rama, concerning Rama

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of rāmādhikaraṇa

rāmādhikaraṇa - relating to Rama, concerning Rama, having Rama as the subject

Compound referring to the context or subject matter of Rama.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāma+adhikaraṇa)

• rāma – Rama (proper noun), pleasing, charming
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhikaraṇa – topic, context, subject matter, base, support
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'adhi-kṛ' (to place upon, to refer to).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'kathāḥ'.

कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, tales, narratives

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, speech