वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-13, verse-16

अयं पृच्छामि वचनात् सुखमायुष्मतामहम् ।
राज्ञः संप्रतिबुद्धस्य यच्चागमनकारणम् ॥१६॥

16. ayaṃ pṛcchāmi vacanāt sukhamāyuṣmatāmaham ,
rājñaḥ saṃpratibuddhasya yaccāgamanakāraṇam.

16. ayam pṛcchāmi vacanāt sukham āyuṣmatām aham
rājñaḥ saṃpratibuddhasya yat ca āgamanakāraṇam

16. ayam aham vacanāt āyuṣmatām sukham pṛcchāmi,
ca yat saṃpratibuddhasya rājñaḥ āgamanakāraṇam (asti)

16. By the king's command (vacanāt), I inquire about the well-being of you long-lived ones. And also, what is the reason for the arrival of the recently awakened king?

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular), I

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask, I inquire

• वचनात् (vacanāt) - by the king's command/instruction (by word, by command, from speech)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, well-being, comfort (accusative/nominative singular neuter)

• आयुष्मताम् (āyuṣmatām) - of the long-lived ones, of those having long life

• अहम् (aham) - I (first person singular nominative pronoun)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, from the king (genitive/ablative singular masculine)

• संप्रतिबुद्धस्य (saṁpratibuddhasya) - of the king who has just awakened (of the awakened, of the aroused, of the recently conscious)

• यत् (yat) - and what (introducing a question) (which, what, that (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

• च (ca) - and, also

• आगमनकारणम् (āgamanakāraṇam) - reason for arrival, cause of coming

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular), I

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: In apposition to `aham`.

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask, I inquire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prach

Present Indicative (Laṭ)

Root `prach` (6th class, tudādi).

Root: prach (class 6)

वचनात् (vacanāt) - by the king's command/instruction (by word, by command, from speech)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, command, statement

Derived from root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Implies 'by the king's word/command'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, well-being, comfort (accusative/nominative singular neuter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, ease, well-being

Note: Object of `pṛcchāmi`.

आयुष्मताम् (āyuṣmatām) - of the long-lived ones, of those having long life

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āyuṣmat

āyuṣmat - having life, long-lived, vigorous

From `āyus` (life) + `matup` (possessive suffix).

Note: Connected to `sukham` (well-being of whom).

अहम् (aham) - I (first person singular nominative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of `pṛcchāmi`.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, from the king (genitive/ablative singular masculine)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Connected to `āgamanakāraṇam`.

संप्रतिबुद्धस्य (saṁpratibuddhasya) - of the king who has just awakened (of the awakened, of the aroused, of the recently conscious)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃpratibuddha

saṁpratibuddha - awakened, aroused, fully conscious, recently recognized

Past Passive Participle

From `sam` + `prati` + root `budh` (to awaken, perceive).

Prefixes: sam+prati

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rājñaḥ`.

यत् (yat) - and what (introducing a question) (which, what, that (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Introduces the second part of the inquiry.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two questions.

आगमनकारणम् (āgamanakāraṇam) - reason for arrival, cause of coming

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgamanakāraṇa

āgamanakāraṇa - reason for coming/arrival, cause of appearance

Compound of `āgamana` (arrival) and `kāraṇa` (reason).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āgamana+kāraṇa)

• āgamana – coming, arrival, approach
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From `ā` + root `gam` (to go).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root `kṛ` (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of an implied verb "is".