वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-13, verse-18

गता भगवती रात्रिरहः शिवमुपस्थितम् ।
बुध्यस्व नृपशार्दूल कुरु कार्यमनन्तरम् ॥१८॥

18. gatā bhagavatī rātrirahaḥ śivamupasthitam ,
budhyasva nṛpaśārdūla kuru kāryamanantaram.

18. gatā bhagavatī rātriḥ ahaḥ śivam upasthitam
budhyasva nṛpaśārdūla kuru kāryam anantaram

18. bhagavatī rātriḥ gatā.
śivam ahaḥ upasthitam (asti).
nṛpaśārdūla budhyasva.
anantaram kāryam kuru

18. The blessed night has passed, and an auspicious day has arrived. O tiger among kings (nṛpaśārdūla), awaken and attend to your immediate duties.

Words meanings summery:

• गता (gatā) - gone, passed, departed

• भगवती (bhagavatī) - divine, blessed, revered, glorious

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• अहः (ahaḥ) - day

• शिवम् (śivam) - auspicious, propitious, beneficial, good

• उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - arrived, present, approached

• बुध्यस्व (budhyasva) - awaken yourself, be awake

• नृपशार्दूल (nṛpaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings, O excellent king

• कुरु (kuru) - do, perform, make

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - work, duty, task, action (neuter singular accusative/nominative)

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - next, immediate, subsequent, without interval

Words meanings and morphology

गता (gatā) - gone, passed, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, past, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go) with `kta` suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rātriḥ`.

भगवती (bhagavatī) - divine, blessed, revered, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, prosperous, venerable, fortunate

From `bhaga` (fortune) + `matup` (possessive suffix). This is the feminine form.

Note: Qualifies `rātriḥ`.

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Subject of the first clause.

अहः (ahaḥ) - day

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: Subject of the second clause.

शिवम् (śivam) - auspicious, propitious, beneficial, good

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, propitious, benevolent, happy, pure; Shiva (as a proper name)

Note: Qualifies `ahaḥ`.

उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - arrived, present, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upasthita

upasthita - standing near, present, arrived, ready

Past Passive Participle

From `upa` + root `sthā` (to stand).

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `ahaḥ`.

बुध्यस्व (budhyasva) - awaken yourself, be awake

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Imperative (Loṭ) Middle Voice

Root `budh` (4th class, divādi).

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Directed at `nṛpaśārdūla`.

नृपशार्दूल (nṛpaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings, O excellent king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpaśārdūla

nṛpaśārdūla - tiger among men (metaphor for excellent), king-tiger (excellent king)

Compound of `nṛpa` (king) and `śārdūla` (tiger). Used in vocative.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+śārdūla)

• nṛpa – king, ruler, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; excellent, pre-eminent (used as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed directly.

कुरु (kuru) - do, perform, make

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative (Loṭ)

Root `kṛ` (8th class, tanādi).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Directed at `nṛpaśārdūla`.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - work, duty, task, action (neuter singular accusative/nominative)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, work, duty, business, action, effect

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) with `ṇyat` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `kuru`.

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - next, immediate, subsequent, without interval

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anantara

anantara - immediate, next, uninterrupted, contiguous; subsequent

Negative compound `na` + `antara` (interval).

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+antara)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• antara – interval, space, difference, inner
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `kāryam`.