वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-109, verse-23

नगरस्थो वनस्थो वा पापो वा यदि वाशुभः ।
यासां स्त्रीणां प्रियो भर्ता तासां लोका महोदयाः ॥२३॥

23. nagarastho vanastho vā pāpo vā yadi vāśubhaḥ ,
yāsāṃ strīṇāṃ priyo bhartā tāsāṃ lokā mahodayāḥ.

23. nagarastaḥ vanastaḥ vā pāpaḥ vā yadi vā aśubhaḥ
yāsām strīṇām priyaḥ bhartā tāsām lokā mahodayāḥ

23. yadi bhartā nagarastaḥ vā vanastaḥ vā pāpaḥ vā aśubhaḥ (astu),
yāsām strīṇām priyaḥ (saḥ),
tāsām lokā mahodayāḥ (bhavanti)

23. Whether he lives in a city or a forest, or is sinful or inauspicious, for women whose husband is beloved, their realms (loka) are of great prosperity.

Words meanings summery:

• नगरस्तः (nagarastaḥ) - dwelling in a city, city-dweller

• वनस्तः (vanastaḥ) - dwelling in a forest, forest-dweller

• वा (vā) - or

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful, wicked, evil

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or

• अशुभः (aśubhaḥ) - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

• यासाम् (yāsām) - of which (feminine plural)

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - beloved, dear, liked

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter, maintainer

• तासाम् (tāsām) - Refers to `strīṇām`. (of them, for them (feminine plural))

• लोका (lokā) - worlds, realms, regions

• महोदयाः (mahodayāḥ) - of great prosperity, highly prosperous, of great rise

Words meanings and morphology

नगरस्तः (nagarastaḥ) - dwelling in a city, city-dweller

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nagarasta

nagarasta - dwelling in a city, city-dweller

Tatpuruṣa compound `nagara` (city) + `stha` (standing/dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nagara+stha)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, dwelling, located
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate for `bhartā`.

वनस्तः (vanastaḥ) - dwelling in a forest, forest-dweller

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanasta

vanasta - dwelling in a forest, forest-dweller

Tatpuruṣa compound `vana` (forest) + `stha` (standing/dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+stha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, dwelling, located
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate for `bhartā`.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful, wicked, evil

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, wicked, evil (adj.); sin, evil (noun)

Note: Predicate for `bhartā`.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects alternatives.

अशुभः (aśubhaḥ) - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, unlucky, evil, bad

`a-` (negation) + `śubha` (auspicious).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śubha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• śubha – auspicious, propitious, good
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate for `bhartā`.

यासाम् (yāsām) - of which (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with `strīṇām`.

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

`ī`-ending feminine noun.

Note: Possessive for `bhartā`.

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - beloved, dear, liked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - beloved, dear, liked, pleasing

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `bhartā`.

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter, maintainer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, maintainer, lord

Agent noun from root `bhṛ` (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

तासाम् (tāsām) - Refers to `strīṇām`. (of them, for them (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Correlative pronoun.

Note: Possessive for `lokā`.

लोका (lokā) - worlds, realms, regions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, region, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Plural subject.

महोदयाः (mahodayāḥ) - of great prosperity, highly prosperous, of great rise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahodaya

mahodaya - of great prosperity, highly prosperous, of great rise, having great good fortune

Bahuvrīhi compound: `mahā` (great) + `udaya` (rise/prosperity).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+udaya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• udaya – rise, ascent, prosperity, dawn
  noun (masculine)
  From root `i` (to go) with prefix `ud` (up).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate for `lokā`.