वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-65, verse-20

तेषां वीर्यवतां वीर्यमल्पं ज्ञात्वा महामुने ।
प्रत्याख्याता नृपतयस्तन्निबोध तपोधन ॥२०॥

20. teṣāṃ vīryavatāṃ vīryamalpaṃ jñātvā mahāmune ,
pratyākhyātā nṛpatayastannibodha tapodhana.

20. teṣām vīryavatām vīryam alpam jñātvā mahāmune
pratyākhyātāḥ nṛpatayaḥ tat nibodha tapodhana

20. mahāmune tapodhana teṣām vīryavatām alpam vīryam jñātvā nṛpatayaḥ pratyākhyātāḥ.
tat nibodha.

20. O great sage (mahāmune), having realized the meager strength of those supposedly valiant kings, they were rejected. Now, O treasure of asceticism (tapodhana), please learn this.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (valiant kings) (of them, to them)

• वीर्यवताम् (vīryavatām) - of those (supposedly) valiant (kings) (of the strong, of the valiant, of those possessing valor)

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - (their) valor (valor, strength, heroism)

• अल्पम् (alpam) - meager, slight (little, small, meager)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having realized (having known, having understood)

• महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage (referring to Viśvāmitra) (O great sage)

• प्रत्याख्याताः (pratyākhyātāḥ) - were rejected (rejected, refused)

• नृपतयः (nṛpatayaḥ) - (the) kings (kings, rulers)

• तत् (tat) - that (fact) (that)

• निबोध (nibodha) - learn (this) (understand, learn, perceive)

• तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic (referring to Viśvāmitra) (O treasure of asceticism, O ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (valiant kings) (of them, to them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वीर्यवताम् (vīryavatām) - of those (supposedly) valiant (kings) (of the strong, of the valiant, of those possessing valor)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vīryavat

vīryavat - valiant, strong, powerful, heroic

Possessive adjective derived from vīrya with suffix mat/vat.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - (their) valor (valor, strength, heroism)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, heroism, energy

Note: Object of jñātvā.

अल्पम् (alpam) - meager, slight (little, small, meager)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - little, small, few, meager

Note: Agrees with vīryam.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having realized (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root √jñā (class 9, jānāti) 'to know', with suffix ktvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Action performed before pratyākhyātāḥ.

महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage (referring to Viśvāmitra) (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat. Used here as the first part of a compound.
• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)

प्रत्याख्याताः (pratyākhyātāḥ) - were rejected (rejected, refused)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratyākhyāta

pratyākhyāta - rejected, refused, denied

past passive participle

Derived from root √khyā (class 2, khyāti) 'to tell, perceive', with prefixes prati and ā, and suffix kta.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

नृपतयः (nṛpatayaḥ) - (the) kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'were'.

तत् (tat) - that (fact) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of nibodha.

निबोध (nibodha) - learn (this) (understand, learn, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

imperative active

From root √budh (class 1, bodhati) 'to know', with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic (referring to Viśvāmitra) (O treasure of asceticism, O ascetic)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - whose wealth is asceticism, rich in asceticism, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)