वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-62, verse-22

विप्रस्थितेषु देवेषु विश्वामित्रो महामुनिः ।
ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्निरालम्बो वायुभक्षस्तपश्चरन् ॥२२॥

22. viprasthiteṣu deveṣu viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ ,
ūrdhvabāhurnirālambo vāyubhakṣastapaścaran.

22. viprasthiteṣu deveṣu viśvāmitraḥ mahāmuniḥ
ūrdhvabāhuḥ nirālambaḥ vāyubhakṣaḥ tapas caran

22. When the gods had departed, the great sage Vishvamitra, with his arms raised, unsupported, and subsisting on air, continued performing his severe asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• विप्रस्थितेषु (viprasthiteṣu) - when the gods had departed (among those who had departed, among those who had set out)

• देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods (i.e., when they had departed) (among the gods, when the gods)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - the sage Vishvamitra (Vishvamitra (proper name))

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the great sage (great sage)

• ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhvabāhuḥ) - with arms raised (with raised arms)

• निरालम्बः (nirālambaḥ) - without support (unsupported, without reliance)

• वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air (subsisting on air, air-eater)

• तपस् (tapas) - his severe asceticism (tapas) (austerity, asceticism)

• चरन् (caran) - performing (performing, moving, practicing)

Words meanings and morphology

विप्रस्थितेषु (viprasthiteṣu) - when the gods had departed (among those who had departed, among those who had set out)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of viprasthita

viprasthita - departed, gone forth, set out

Past Passive Participle

vi + pra + √sthā (to stand) + -ta

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'deveṣu'.

देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods (i.e., when they had departed) (among the gods, when the gods)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

From root √div (to shine)

Root: div

Note: Refers to Brahma and other gods.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - the sage Vishvamitra (Vishvamitra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Vishvamitra (name of a famous sage)

viśva (all) + mitra (friend)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universe
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Root: viś
• mitra – friend, companion, sun-god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mid

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., 'was performing').

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the great sage (great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

mahā (great) + muni (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+muni)

• mahat – great, large, excellent
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  From root √man (to think)
  Root: man

Note: Appositive to 'viśvāmitraḥ'.

ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhvabāhuḥ) - with arms raised (with raised arms)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvabāhu

ūrdhvabāhu - having raised arms, with arms upwards

ūrdhva (upwards) + bāhu (arm)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+bāhu)

• ūrdhva – upward, elevated, high
  adjective (neuter)
• bāhu – arm, forearm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Vishvamitra.

निरालम्बः (nirālambaḥ) - without support (unsupported, without reliance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirālamba

nirālamba - unsupported, independent, having no support

nis (without) + ālamba (support)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ālamba)

• nis – out, forth, without, negation
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ālamba – support, reliance, basis
  noun (masculine)
  ā + √lamb (to hang, cling)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lamb (class 1)

Note: Describes Vishvamitra.

वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air (subsisting on air, air-eater)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - subsisting on air, eating air (as an ascetic practice)

vāyu (air) + bhakṣa (eater/subsisting)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – air, wind, vital breath
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vā (to blow)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, eater
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root √bhakṣ (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Describes Vishvamitra.

तपस् (tapas) - his severe asceticism (tapas) (austerity, asceticism)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, austerity, spiritual fervor

From root √tap (to heat, burn)

Root: tap (class 1)

चरन् (caran) - performing (performing, moving, practicing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, performing, practicing

Present Active Participle

From root √car (to move, perform) + śatṛ suffix

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates that Vishvamitra was performing asceticism.