वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-62, verse-12

विनिःश्वसन्मुनिवरः
पश्चात्तापेन दुःखितः ॥१२॥

12. viniḥśvasanmunivaraḥ
paścāttāpena duḥkhitaḥ.

12. viniḥśvasan munivaraḥ
paścāttāpena duḥkhitaḥ

12. The excellent sage, sighing deeply, was distressed by remorse.

Words meanings summery:

• विनिःश्वसन् (viniḥśvasan) - sighing deeply, exhaling strongly

• मुनिवरः (munivaraḥ) - best of sages, excellent sage

• पश्चात्तापेन (paścāttāpena) - by remorse, by regret

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, pained, sorrowful

Words meanings and morphology

विनिःश्वसन् (viniḥśvasan) - sighing deeply, exhaling strongly

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniḥśvasat

viniḥśvasat - sighing deeply, exhaling strongly

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root śvas (to breathe) with prefixes vi- and niḥ-.

Prefixes: vi+niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

मुनिवरः (munivaraḥ) - best of sages, excellent sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of munivara

munivara - best of sages, chief sage, excellent sage

Tatpurusha compound of muni (sage) and vara (best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+vara)

• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• vara – best, excellent, superior; boon, blessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vṛ (to choose, select).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

पश्चात्तापेन (paścāttāpena) - by remorse, by regret

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paścāttāpa

paścāttāpa - remorse, regret, repentance, anguish

Compound of paścāt (after, behind) and tāpa (pain, suffering).

Compound type : tatpurusha (paścāt+tāpa)

• paścāt – after, afterwards, behind, subsequently
  indeclinable
• tāpa – heat, burning, pain, suffering, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, to suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause or means of distress.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, pained, sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, sorrowful, unhappy, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root duḥkh (to suffer, to pain), often treated as a denominative verb from duḥkha (pain, suffering).

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'munivaraḥ'.