वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-62, verse-21

तमुवाच ततो ब्रह्मा न तावत्त्वं जितेन्द्रियः ।
यतस्व मुनिशार्दूल इत्युक्त्वा त्रिदिवं गतः ॥२१॥

21. tamuvāca tato brahmā na tāvattvaṃ jitendriyaḥ ,
yatasva muniśārdūla ityuktvā tridivaṃ gataḥ.

21. tam uvāca tataḥ brahmā na tāvat tvam jitendriyaḥ
yatasva muniśārdūla iti uktvā tridivam gataḥ

21. Then Brahma said to him, 'You have not yet conquered your senses. O best of sages, strive further!' Having said this, he went to heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (Vishvamitra) (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Lord Brahma (Lord Brahma, the creator god)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तावत् (tāvat) - yet, still (so much, so long, yet)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vishvamitra) (you)

• जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered his senses

• यतस्व (yatasva) - strive further (strive, endeavor)

• मुनिशार्दूल (muniśārdūla) - O best of sages (tiger among sages, best of sages)

• इति (iti) - thus, this (thus, so, denoting quotation)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said

• त्रिदिवम् (tridivam) - to heaven (to heaven, to the three heavens)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (gone, departed)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (Vishvamitra) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of uvāca

Perfect tense, irregular

Perfect 3rd person singular, from √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'brahmā'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

adjectival adverbial suffix -tas

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Lord Brahma (Lord Brahma, the creator god)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Lord Brahma (masculine), Absolute Reality (neuter)

Root: bṛh

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तावत् (tāvat) - yet, still (so much, so long, yet)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vishvamitra) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered his senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitendriya

jitendriya - one who has conquered his senses, self-controlled

jita (conquered) + indriya (sense organs)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, power, faculty
  noun (neuter)
  From Indra, pertaining to Indra

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tvam'.

यतस्व (yatasva) - strive further (strive, endeavor)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Lot) of √yat

Imperative, middle voice

Imperative 2nd person singular, middle voice, from √yat (to strive)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: An instruction from Brahma.

मुनिशार्दूल (muniśārdūla) - O best of sages (tiger among sages, best of sages)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muniśārdūla

muniśārdūla - tiger among sages, best of sages (literally 'sage-tiger')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+śārdūla)

• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man
• śārdūla – tiger, excellent among
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Vishvamitra.

इति (iti) - thus, this (thus, so, denoting quotation)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √vac (to speak) + suffix -tvā

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a gerund.

त्रिदिवम् (tridivam) - to heaven (to heaven, to the three heavens)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tridiva

tridiva - heaven, the three worlds

tri (three) + div (heaven/day)

Compound type : dvigu (tri+div)

• tri – three
  numeral
• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
  Root: div (class 4)

Note: Denotes destination.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go) + suffix -ta

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Brahma.