वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-62, verse-15

तस्य वर्षसहस्रं तु घोरं तप उपासतः ।
उत्तरे पर्वते राम देवतानामभूद्भयम् ॥१५॥

15. tasya varṣasahasraṃ tu ghoraṃ tapa upāsataḥ ,
uttare parvate rāma devatānāmabhūdbhayam.

15. tasya varṣasahasram tu ghoram tapaḥ upāsataḥ
uttare parvate rāma devatānām abhūt bhayam

15. O Rāma, while he performed that terrible penance (tapas) for a thousand years on the northern mountain, fear arose among the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• वर्षसहस्रम् (varṣasahasram) - a thousand years

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, fierce, dreadful

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas), austerity

• उपासतः (upāsataḥ) - while he was performing, from him practicing

• उत्तरे (uttare) - in the northern, on the upper

• पर्वते (parvate) - in the mountain, on the hill

• राम (rāma) - The vocative address to Lord Rāma by Viśvāmitra. (O Rāma)

• देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the gods, of the deities

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became, arose, happened

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

वर्षसहस्रम् (varṣasahasram) - a thousand years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Tatpurusha compound: varṣa (year) + sahasra (thousand).

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – a thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, fierce, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, fierce, dreadful, fearful, formidable

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas), austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance (tapas), austerity, asceticism, spiritual heat, intense meditation

From root tap (to heat, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

उपासतः (upāsataḥ) - while he was performing, from him practicing

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of upāsat

upāsat - worshiping, serving, practicing, sitting near, attending to

Present Active Participle

From root ās (to sit) with prefixes upa- and ā-, and suffix -at (for present participle).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

उत्तरे (uttare) - in the northern, on the upper

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, subsequent, superior

पर्वते (parvate) - in the mountain, on the hill

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Locative of place.

राम (rāma) - The vocative address to Lord Rāma by Viśvāmitra. (O Rāma)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a legendary prince, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa); pleasant, charming

From root ram (to enjoy, delight).

Root: ram (class 1)

देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the gods, of the deities

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, god, divinity

From deva (god) with the feminine abstract suffix -tā.

Note: Indicates the possessor of 'bhayam'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became, arose, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist tense, 3rd person singular

Root aorist form, prefixed with the augment 'a-'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, alarm, terror

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'abhūt'.