वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-62, verse-14

स कृत्वा नैष्ठिकीं बुद्धिं जेतुकामो महायशाः ।
कौशिकीतीरमासाद्य तपस्तेपे सुदारुणम् ॥१४॥

14. sa kṛtvā naiṣṭhikīṃ buddhiṃ jetukāmo mahāyaśāḥ ,
kauśikītīramāsādya tapastepe sudāruṇam.

14. sa kṛtvā naiṣṭhikīṃ buddhiṃ jetukāmaḥ mahāyaśāḥ
kauśikītīram āsādya tapaḥ tepe sudāruṇam

14. That highly renowned sage, having formed a firm resolve to conquer (his desires), reached the bank of the river Kauśikī and performed exceedingly severe penance (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having formed

• नैष्ठिकीं (naiṣṭhikīṁ) - firm, resolute, leading to final realization

• बुद्धिं (buddhiṁ) - intellect, understanding, resolve, intention

• जेतुकामः (jetukāmaḥ) - Desirous of conquering his senses or desires. (desirous of conquering, wishing to overcome)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned, glorious, of great fame

• कौशिकीतीरम् (kauśikītīram) - bank of the Kauśikī river

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas), austerity

• तेपे (tepe) - performed (penance), heated himself, practiced austerity

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very severe, extremely harsh

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having formed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make), with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नैष्ठिकीं (naiṣṭhikīṁ) - firm, resolute, leading to final realization

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of naiṣṭhika

naiṣṭhika - firm, resolute, final, complete, leading to final liberation (mokṣa), observing a life-long vow

Derived from niṣṭhā (firmness, conclusion) with the suffix -ika.

बुद्धिं (buddhiṁ) - intellect, understanding, resolve, intention

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, resolve, intention

From root budh (to know, perceive, awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

जेतुकामः (jetukāmaḥ) - Desirous of conquering his senses or desires. (desirous of conquering, wishing to overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jetukāma

jetukāma - desirous of conquering/winning

Compound of jetu (infinitive of ji, to conquer) and kāma (desire).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jetu+kāma)

• jetu – to conquer, to win (infinitive)
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'mahāyaśāḥ'.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned, glorious, of great fame

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - highly renowned, glorious, of great fame

Bahuvrihi compound: mahat (great) + yaśas (fame), meaning 'he whose fame is great'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+yaśas)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

कौशिकीतीरम् (kauśikītīram) - bank of the Kauśikī river

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kauśikītīra

kauśikītīra - bank of the Kauśikī river

Tatpurusha compound: Kauśikī (name of river) + tīra (bank).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kauśikī+tīra)

• kauśikī – Kauśikī (name of a sacred river, often associated with Viśvāmitra)
  proper noun (feminine)
  Derived from Kuśika.
• tīra – bank, shore, edge
  noun (neuter)
  From root tṝ (to cross).
  Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āsādya'.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sad (to sit, go) with prefix ā- (towards) and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas), austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - penance (tapas), austerity, asceticism, spiritual heat, intense meditation

From root tap (to heat, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

तेपे (tepe) - performed (penance), heated himself, practiced austerity

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of tap

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular (Ātmanepada)

Reduplicated perfect form of the root tap.

Root: tap (class 1)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very severe, extremely harsh

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very severe, exceedingly harsh, extremely cruel, terrible

Compound of su- (good, excellent, here acting as an intensifier 'very') and dāruṇa (terrible, severe).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, harsh, severe, cruel
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.