महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-46, verse-5

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्निदं चित्रं पूर्वकल्पे यथातथम् ।
आदौ कृतयुगे तस्मिन्वर्तमाने यथाविधि ।
वरुणं देवताः सर्वाः समेत्येदमथाब्रुवन् ॥५॥

5. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājannidaṁ citraṁ pūrvakalpe yathātatham ,
ādau kṛtayuge tasminvartamāne yathāvidhi ,
varuṇaṁ devatāḥ sarvāḥ sametyedamathābruvan.

5. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | śṛṇu rājan idam citram
pūrvakalpe yathātatham | ādau kṛtayuge
tasmin vartamāne yathāvidhi | varuṇam
devatāḥ sarvāḥ sametya idam atha abruvan

5. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rājan śṛṇu idam citram
pūrvakalpe yathātatham ādau tasmin
kṛtayuge yathāvidhi vartamāne sarvāḥ
devatāḥ varuṇam sametya atha idam abruvan

5. Vaiśampāyana said: "Listen, O King, to this wondrous event, exactly as it happened in a previous age (kalpa). In the beginning, during that Kṛta-yuga, as it was proceeding according to proper custom, all the deities, having assembled, then spoke this to Varuṇa."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, addressing King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing King Janamejaya. (O king)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the 'wondrous event' (citram). (this, this one)

• चित्रम् (citram) - wondrous event or phenomenon (wondrous, strange, variegated, event)

• पूर्वकल्पे (pūrvakalpe) - in a former age/eon/creation cycle

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, exactly as it was, in accordance with reality

• आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning, at first

• कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - Refers to the first and most virtuous of the four yugas. (in the Kṛta-yuga, in the golden age)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the Kṛta-yuga. (in that, to that)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - As it was unfolding or proceeding. (being present, existing, occurring, proceeding)

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, according to custom, properly

• वरुणम् (varuṇam) - Varuṇa, the Vedic deity of cosmic order and waters. (to Varuṇa)

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - The assembly of various gods. (the deities, the gods)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - All the deities. (all, whole, every)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having assembled, having met together

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the following statement. (this, this one)

• अथ (atha) - Indicates sequence of events. (then, thereupon, moreover)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, addressing King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a famous pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative active

2nd person singular imperative active of root śru (class 5)

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing King Janamejaya. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the 'wondrous event' (citram). (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Also nominative neuter singular, but here it's the object of 'śṛṇu'.

चित्रम् (citram) - wondrous event or phenomenon (wondrous, strange, variegated, event)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - variegated, bright, clear, wonderful, strange, a picture, a wonder, an event

Note: Agrees with idam.

पूर्वकल्पे (pūrvakalpe) - in a former age/eon/creation cycle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvakalpa

pūrvakalpa - a former kalpa (age, eon, creation cycle)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+kalpa)

• pūrva – former, earlier, prior
  adjective (masculine)
• kalpa – an age, an eon, a cosmic cycle (kalpa)
  noun (masculine)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, exactly as it was, in accordance with reality

(indeclinable)

formed from yathā (as) + tathā (so) + m (adverbial suffix)

आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning, at first

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - Refers to the first and most virtuous of the four yugas. (in the Kṛta-yuga, in the golden age)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛtayuga

kṛtayuga - the Kṛta age, the golden age, the first of the four yugas

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛta+yuga)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, perfect, proper, golden (as in golden age)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yuga – age, epoch, yoke, pair
  noun (masculine)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the Kṛta-yuga. (in that, to that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with kṛtayuge.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - As it was unfolding or proceeding. (being present, existing, occurring, proceeding)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, proceeding

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn, to proceed), in locative singular.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, according to custom, properly

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound acting as an adverb.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, method, ordinance, custom, fate
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial.

वरुणम् (varuṇam) - Varuṇa, the Vedic deity of cosmic order and waters. (to Varuṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varuṇa

varuṇa - Varuṇa (Vedic deity), water, sea

Note: Object of the verb 'abruvan'.

देवताः (devatāḥ) - The assembly of various gods. (the deities, the gods)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, god, goddess

Note: Subject of 'abruvan'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - All the deities. (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with devatāḥ.

समेत्य (sametya) - having assembled, having met together

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive (gerund) from root i (to go) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Connects the action of assembling to the main verb 'abruvan'.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the following statement. (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Object of 'abruvan'.

अथ (atha) - Indicates sequence of events. (then, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

imperfect active

3rd person plural imperfect active of root bru (equivalent to vac)

Root: bru (class 2)