महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-8

ततः प्रभग्ना सहसा महाचमूः सा पाण्डवी तेन नराधिपेन ।
दिशश्चतस्रः सहसा प्रधाविता गजेन्द्रवेगं तमपारयन्ती ॥८॥

8. tataḥ prabhagnā sahasā mahācamūḥ; sā pāṇḍavī tena narādhipena ,
diśaścatasraḥ sahasā pradhāvitā; gajendravegaṁ tamapārayantī.

8. tataḥ prabhagnā sahasā mahācamūḥ
sā pāṇḍavī tena narādhipena
diśaḥ catasraḥ sahasā pradhāvitā
gajendravegam tam apārayantī

8. tataḥ tena narādhipena sā pāṇḍavī
mahācamūḥ sahasā prabhagnā
tam gajendravegam apārayantī
sahasā catasraḥ diśaḥ pradhāvitā

8. Then, that great Pandava army was suddenly routed by that king. Unable to resist the charge of that lordly elephant, it suddenly fled in all four directions.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• प्रभग्ना (prabhagnā) - routed, shattered, broken

• सहस (sahasa) - suddenly, swiftly, forcibly

• महाचमूः (mahācamūḥ) - great army, large force

• सा (sā) - that

• पाण्डवी (pāṇḍavī) - the army belonging to the Pandavas (Pandava (relating to the Pandavas))

• तेन (tena) - by the previously mentioned king (by that, by him)

• नराधिपेन (narādhipena) - by a specific king or commander on the opposing side (by the lord of men, by the king)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

• चतस्रः (catasraḥ) - four

• सहस (sahasa) - suddenly, swiftly, forcibly

• प्रधाविता (pradhāvitā) - fled, ran forth

• गजेन्द्रवेगम् (gajendravegam) - the speed of the lordly elephant, the charge of the best elephant

• तम् (tam) - referring to the mentioned 'gajendravegam' (that)

• अपारयन्ती (apārayantī) - the army being unable to withstand the charge (unable to withstand, not crossing, not overcoming)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ablative form of 'tad'

Note: Temporal adverb.

प्रभग्ना (prabhagnā) - routed, shattered, broken

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, routed, shattered

past passive participle

derived from 'pra' (prefix) + root 'bhañj' (to break) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Describes the state of the army.

सहस (sahasa) - suddenly, swiftly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

adverb derived from 'sahasa' (force)

Note: Modifies 'prabhagnā' and 'pradhāvitā'.

महाचमूः (mahācamūḥ) - great army, large force

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahācamū

mahācamū - great army, large force

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+camū)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• camū – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cam (class 1)

Note: The army being described.

सा (sā) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Refers to 'mahācamūḥ'.

पाण्डवी (pāṇḍavī) - the army belonging to the Pandavas (Pandava (relating to the Pandavas))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāṇḍavī

pāṇḍavī - related to the Pandavas, of the Pandavas

feminine form of 'pāṇḍava' (relating to Pāṇḍu)

Note: Qualifies 'mahācamūḥ'.

तेन (tena) - by the previously mentioned king (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Agent of 'prabhagnā'.

नराधिपेन (narādhipena) - by a specific king or commander on the opposing side (by the lord of men, by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  from 'adhi' (prefix) + root 'pā' (to protect)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The king responsible for the routing.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'pradhāvitā' (fled towards).

चतस्रः (catasraḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'diśaḥ'.

सहस (sahasa) - suddenly, swiftly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

adverb derived from 'sahasa' (force)

Note: Modifies 'pradhāvitā'.

प्रधाविता (pradhāvitā) - fled, ran forth

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pradhāvita

pradhāvita - run forth, fled, set in motion

past passive participle

derived from 'pra' (prefix) + root 'dhāv' (to run) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Describes the army's action.

गजेन्द्रवेगम् (gajendravegam) - the speed of the lordly elephant, the charge of the best elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gajendravega

gajendravega - the speed or force of the best elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (gajendra+vega)

• gajendra – lordly elephant, best elephant (a compound)
  noun (masculine)
  compound of 'gaja' (elephant) and 'indra' (lord, chief)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root 'vij' (to tremble, move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Object of the participle 'apārayantī'.

तम् (tam) - referring to the mentioned 'gajendravegam' (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'gajendravegam'.

अपारयन्ती (apārayantī) - the army being unable to withstand the charge (unable to withstand, not crossing, not overcoming)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apārayant

apārayant - unable to cross, unable to overcome, not withstanding (present active participle)

present active participle

derived from 'a' (negation) + 'pari' (prefix) + root 'ī' (to go, with causal 'āpāraya') + 'śatṛ' (present participle suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+pārayant)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  negating prefix
• pārayant – causing to cross, able to overcome (present active participle, causal)
  participle (feminine)
  present active participle (causal)
  derived from 'pari' (prefix) + root 'ī' (to go) + 'ṇic' (causal suffix) + 'śatṛ' (present participle suffix)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: ī (class 2)

Note: Describes the army's inability to withstand.