महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-4

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तमास्थितो राजवरो बभूव यथोदयस्थः सविता क्षपान्ते ।
स तेन नागप्रवरेण राजन्नभ्युद्ययौ पाण्डुसुतान्समन्तात् ।
शितैः पृषत्कैर्विददार चापि महेन्द्रवज्रप्रतिमैः सुघोरैः ॥४॥

4. tamāsthito rājavaro babhūva; yathodayasthaḥ savitā kṣapānte ,
sa tena nāgapravareṇa rāja;nnabhyudyayau pāṇḍusutānsamantāt ,
śitaiḥ pṛṣatkairvidadāra cāpi; mahendravajrapratimaiḥ sughoraiḥ.

4. tam āsthitaḥ rājāvaraḥ babhūva yathā udayasthaḥ
savitā kṣapānte sa tena nāgapravareṇa rājan
abhyudyayau pāṇḍusutān samantāt śitaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ
vidadāra ca api mahendravajrapratimaiḥ sughoraiḥ

4. rājan savitā yathā kṣapānte udayasthaḥ tam āsthitaḥ
rājāvaraḥ babhūva saḥ tena nāgapravareṇa
pāṇḍusutān samantāt abhyudyayau ca api śitaiḥ
sughoraiḥ mahendravajrapratimaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ vidadāra

4. O King, having mounted that elephant, the excellent king (Śālva) appeared like the rising sun at dawn. With that foremost of elephants, he advanced against the Pāṇḍavas from all sides. And he tore them apart with sharp, very terrible arrows that resembled the thunderbolt of the great Indra.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

तम् (tam) - that (elephant) (him, that)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - mounted upon (the elephant) (mounted upon, standing on, resorted to)

राजावरः (rājāvaraḥ) - King Śālva (the best of kings, excellent king)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

उदयस्थः (udayasthaḥ) - (sun) rising, at its rise (standing at rise, rising, present at dawn)

सविता (savitā) - the sun (the sun, the stimulator)

क्षपान्ते (kṣapānte) - at the end of night, at dawn

स (sa) - (King Śālva) (he, that)

तेन (tena) - by that (elephant) (by him, by that)

नागप्रवरेण (nāgapravareṇa) - by the excellent elephant, by the chief of elephants

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

अभ्युद्ययौ (abhyudyayau) - went forth to attack, advanced against

पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, sharpened

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

विददार (vidadāra) - he tore apart, he rent asunder

च (ca) - and

अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

महेन्द्रवज्रप्रतिमैः (mahendravajrapratimaiḥ) - resembling the thunderbolt of the great Indra

सुघोरैः (sughoraiḥ) - with very terrible, very dreadful

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (elephant) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the elephant mentioned in the previous verses.

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - mounted upon (the elephant) (mounted upon, standing on, resorted to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - mounted, ascended, standing on, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √sthā with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies rājāvaraḥ

राजावरः (rājāvaraḥ) - King Śālva (the best of kings, excellent king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājāvara

rājāvara - the best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vara)

rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
vara – best, excellent, boon
adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Śālva.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular active of √bhū (1st class)

Root: bhū (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

उदयस्थः (udayasthaḥ) - (sun) rising, at its rise (standing at rise, rising, present at dawn)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udayastha

udayastha - standing at rise, rising, present at dawn

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udaya+stha)

udaya – rising, ascension, dawn
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ud
stha – standing, situated, being in
adjective
Derived from √sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies savitā

सविता (savitā) - the sun (the sun, the stimulator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savitṛ

savitṛ - the sun, stimulator, generator

Root: sū (class 2)

क्षपान्ते (kṣapānte) - at the end of night, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣapānta

kṣapānta - end of night, dawn

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣapā+anta)

kṣapā – night
noun (feminine)
anta – end, limit, boundary
noun (masculine)

स (sa) - (King Śālva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Śālva.

तेन (tena) - by that (elephant) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the elephant nāgapravareṇa.

नागप्रवरेण (nāgapravareṇa) - by the excellent elephant, by the chief of elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāgapravara

nāgapravara - excellent elephant, chief of elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+pravara)

nāga – elephant; snake
noun (masculine)
pravara – excellent, chief, best
adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the elephant of Śālva.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya.

अभ्युद्ययौ (abhyudyayau) - went forth to attack, advanced against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of abhyudyā

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular active of √yā with prefixes abhi- and ud-

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+suta)

pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of the father of the Pāṇḍavas)
proper noun (masculine)
suta – son
noun (masculine)
Past passive participle of √sū (to give birth)
Root: sū (class 2)

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √śo

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Modifies pṛṣatkaiḥ

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows