महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-16

दृष्ट्वापतन्तं सहसा तु नागं धृष्टद्युम्नः स्वरथाच्छीघ्रमेव ।
गदां प्रगृह्याशु जवेन वीरो भूमिं प्रपन्नो भयविह्वलाङ्गः ॥१६॥

16. dṛṣṭvāpatantaṁ sahasā tu nāgaṁ; dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ svarathācchīghrameva ,
gadāṁ pragṛhyāśu javena vīro; bhūmiṁ prapanno bhayavihvalāṅgaḥ.

16. dṛṣṭvā āpatantam sahasā tu nāgam
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ svarathāt śīghram
eva gadām pragṛhya āśu javena vīraḥ
bhūmim prapannaḥ bhayavihvalāṅgaḥ

16. tu vīraḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ sahasā
āpatantam nāgam dṛṣṭvā bhayavihvalāṅgaḥ
śīghram eva āśu javena gadām
pragṛhya svarathāt bhūmim prapannaḥ

16. But the hero Dhṛṣṭadyumna, seeing the elephant (nāga) suddenly charging, immediately (with his limbs bewildered by fear) quickly seized his mace and descended from his own chariot to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, rushing, falling upon

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नागम् (nāgam) - The elephant. (elephant, serpent)

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name)

• स्वरथात् (svarathāt) - from his own chariot

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes immediacy ('very quickly'). (indeed, just, only, immediately)

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• जवेन (javena) - with speed, swiftly

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the hero. (hero, brave man)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - ground, earth, land

• प्रपन्नः (prapannaḥ) - Descended/stepped onto. (reached, arrived at, descended, taken refuge)

• भयविह्वलाङ्गः (bhayavihvalāṅgaḥ) - with limbs bewildered by fear, terrified

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable participle)

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, rushing, falling upon

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, rushing, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Root pat (to fall, move) with upasarga ā. Formed with śatṛ.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle.

नागम् (nāgam) - The elephant. (elephant, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, general of the Pāṇḍava army)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वरथात् (svarathāt) - from his own chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - his own chariot

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root ramh (to go swiftly).
  Root: ramh

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of śīghra used adverbially.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes immediacy ('very quickly'). (indeed, just, only, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Note: Object of pragṛhya.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

(indeclinable participle)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Originally an adjective, often used adverbially.

जवेन (javena) - with speed, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, velocity

From root jū (to go quickly).

Root: jū

Note: Used adverbially.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the hero. (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - ground, earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of motion prapannaḥ.

प्रपन्नः (prapannaḥ) - Descended/stepped onto. (reached, arrived at, descended, taken refuge)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prapanna

prapanna - arrived, reached, descended, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

Root pad (to go, fall) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Used in an active sense.

भयविह्वलाङ्गः (bhayavihvalāṅgaḥ) - with limbs bewildered by fear, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayavihvalāṅga

bhayavihvalāṅga - whose limbs are bewildered/agitated by fear

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (bhaya+vihvala+aṅga)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vihvala – bewildered, agitated, confused, trembling
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi + hval (to tremble).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hval (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body part, body
  noun (neuter)