महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-9

दृष्ट्वा च तां वेगवता प्रभग्नां सर्वे त्वदीया युधि योधमुख्याः ।
अपूजयंस्तत्र नराधिपं तं दध्मुश्च शङ्खाञ्शशिसंनिकाशान् ॥९॥

9. dṛṣṭvā ca tāṁ vegavatā prabhagnāṁ; sarve tvadīyā yudhi yodhamukhyāḥ ,
apūjayaṁstatra narādhipaṁ taṁ; dadhmuśca śaṅkhāñśaśisaṁnikāśān.

9. dṛṣṭvā ca tām vegavatā prabhagnām
sarve tvadīyāḥ yudhi yodhamukhyāḥ
apūjayan tatra narādhipam tam
dadhmuḥ ca śaṅkhān śaśisaṃnikāśān

9. tvadīyāḥ sarve yodhamukhyāḥ
yudhi tām prabhagnām dṛṣṭvā ca
tatra tam narādhipam apūjayan ca
śaśisaṃnikāśān śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ

9. And having seen that [enemy] formation swiftly broken, all your chief warriors in battle then honored that king and blew conches as brilliant as the moon.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• च (ca) - and

• ताम् (tām) - that [enemy formation or army] (her, that)

• वेगवता (vegavatā) - swiftly (by the swift one; with speed, swiftly)

• प्रभग्नाम् (prabhagnām) - broken, shattered

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your [men/warriors] (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your, belonging to you)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• योधमुख्याः (yodhamukhyāḥ) - chief warriors, principal fighters

• अपूजयन् (apūjayan) - they honored, they worshipped, they acclaimed

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - that king (likely Bhīṣma or another Kaurava leader) (the king, lord of men)

• तम् (tam) - that [king] (him, that)

• दध्मुः (dadhmuḥ) - they blew, they sounded

• च (ca) - and

• शङ्खान् (śaṅkhān) - conches

• शशिसंनिकाशान् (śaśisaṁnikāśān) - moon-like, brilliant as the moon

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that [enemy formation or army] (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to a feminine noun, likely `vyūhām` (array) or `senām` (army), implied from context.

वेगवता (vegavatā) - swiftly (by the swift one; with speed, swiftly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, quick, rapid; one possessing speed

From vega (speed) + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Used adverbially here, modifying 'broken'.

प्रभग्नाम् (prabhagnām) - broken, shattered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Prefix pra- + root bhañj (to break) + -ta (ppp suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with `tvadīyāḥ yodhamukhyāḥ`.

त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your [men/warriors] (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your, belonging to you)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - yours, belonging to you

From pronominal base tvad (you) + -īya (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's men.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

योधमुख्याः (yodhamukhyāḥ) - chief warriors, principal fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodhamukhya

yodhamukhya - chief warrior, principal fighter

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yodha+mukhya)

• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Compound meaning 'foremost among warriors'.

अपूजयन् (apūjayan) - they honored, they worshipped, they acclaimed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pūjay

causative/denominal

Causative of root pūj (to honor) or denominal from pūjā (worship)

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: From `pūj` (class 10), or causative of `pūj` (class 1). `a` is the augment for imperfect.

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - that king (likely Bhīṣma or another Kaurava leader) (the king, lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Object of `apūjayan`.

तम् (tam) - that [king] (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Agrees with `narādhipam`.

दध्मुः (dadhmuḥ) - they blew, they sounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dhmā

Root: dhmā (class 1)

Note: Reduplicated past perfect (Liṭ) form.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शङ्खान् (śaṅkhān) - conches

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch shell, a type of trumpet

Note: Object of `dadhmuḥ`.

शशिसंनिकाशान् (śaśisaṁnikāśān) - moon-like, brilliant as the moon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaśisaṃnikāśa

śaśisaṁnikāśa - moon-like, resembling the moon, shining like the moon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaśin+sam+nikāśa)

• śaśin – moon
  noun (masculine)
• sam – together, with, fully
  indeclinable
  prefix
• nikāśa – resemblance, appearance, likeness
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śaṅkhān`.