महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-18

पाञ्चालराजस्य सुतं स दृष्ट्वा तदार्दितं नागवरेण तेन ।
तमभ्यधावत्सहसा जवेन भीमः शिखण्डी च शिनेश्च नप्ता ॥१८॥

18. pāñcālarājasya sutaṁ sa dṛṣṭvā; tadārditaṁ nāgavareṇa tena ,
tamabhyadhāvatsahasā javena; bhīmaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca śineśca naptā.

18. pāñcālarājasya sutam saḥ dṛṣṭvā
tadā ārditam nāgavareṇa tena
tam abhyadhāvat sahasā javena
bhīmaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca śineḥ ca naptā

18. saḥ bhīmaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca śineḥ ca
naptā pāñcālarājasya sutam tena
nāgavareṇa tadā ārditam dṛṣṭvā
tam sahasā javena abhyadhāvat

18. Having seen the son of the Pāñcāla king (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) distressed by that excellent elephant, Bhīma, Śikhaṇḍī, and the grandson of Śini (Sātyaki) rushed towards him with great speed.

Words meanings summery:

• पाञ्चालराजस्य (pāñcālarājasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāñcāla king's son (of the Pāñcāla king)

• सुतम् (sutam) - the son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (son)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Bhīma, the main subject of the rush) (he, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (Dhṛṣṭadyumna's plight) (having seen)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• आर्दितम् (ārditam) - (the son) tormented (distressed, tormented, afflicted)

• नागवरेण (nāgavareṇa) - by that powerful war-elephant (by an excellent elephant)

• तेन (tena) - by that (elephant) (by that, by him)

• तम् (tam) - towards him (the son of the Pāñcāla king) (him, that)

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards (the son) (rushed towards, ran to)

• सहसा (sahasā) - quickly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

• जवेन (javena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (the Pāṇḍava hero) (Bhīma (name), terrible)

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī (a warrior, ally of Pāṇḍavas) (Śikhaṇḍī (name))

• च (ca) - and

• शिनेः (śineḥ) - of Śini (grandfather of Sātyaki) (of Śini)

• च (ca) - and

• नप्ता (naptā) - the grandson (Sātyaki) (grandson, descendant)

Words meanings and morphology

पाञ्चालराजस्य (pāñcālarājasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāñcāla king's son (of the Pāñcāla king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāñcālarāja

pāñcālarāja - king of Pāñcāla

Tatpuruṣa compound: pāñcāla (name of a region/people) + rāja (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāñcāla+rāja)

• pāñcāla – Pāñcāla (region/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root √rāj (to rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

सुतम् (sutam) - the son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

From √sū (to give birth).

Root: sū (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Bhīma, the main subject of the rush) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (Dhṛṣṭadyumna's plight) (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad (that) + suffix dā.

Note: Adverbial use.

आर्दितम् (ārditam) - (the son) tormented (distressed, tormented, afflicted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārdita

ārdita - distressed, tormented, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From root √ṛd (to vex, harass) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛd (class 6)

नागवरेण (nāgavareṇa) - by that powerful war-elephant (by an excellent elephant)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāgavara

nāgavara - excellent elephant, best of elephants

Tatpuruṣa compound: nāga (elephant) + vara (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+vara)

• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon
  adjective
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Agent of the torment.

तेन (tena) - by that (elephant) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to nāgavareṇa.

तम् (tam) - towards him (the son of the Pāñcāla king) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of abhyadhāvat.

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards (the son) (rushed towards, ran to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of abhidhāvati

From √dhāv (to run) with prefix abhi-. Imperfect tense.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - quickly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental of sahas (force, power) used as an adverb.

Note: Adverbial use.

जवेन (javena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, quickness

From root √jū (to be quick).

Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Denotes manner.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (the Pāṇḍava hero) (Bhīma (name), terrible)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful, Bhīma (proper name)

From √bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Co-subject of abhyadhāvat.

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Śikhaṇḍī (a warrior, ally of Pāṇḍavas) (Śikhaṇḍī (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - peacock, Śikhaṇḍī (proper name)

From śikhaṇḍa (crest, tuft) + suffix in.

Note: Co-subject of abhyadhāvat.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

शिनेः (śineḥ) - of Śini (grandfather of Sātyaki) (of Śini)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śini

śini - Śini (proper name)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

नप्ता (naptā) - the grandson (Sātyaki) (grandson, descendant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant, nephew

From √nap (to protect, to destroy).

Root: nap (class 1)

Note: Co-subject of abhyadhāvat.