महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-19

शरैश्च वेगं सहसा निगृह्य तस्याभितोऽभ्यापततो गजस्य ।
स संगृहीतो रथिभिर्गजो वै चचाल तैर्वार्यमाणश्च संख्ये ॥१९॥

19. śaraiśca vegaṁ sahasā nigṛhya; tasyābhito'bhyāpatato gajasya ,
sa saṁgṛhīto rathibhirgajo vai; cacāla tairvāryamāṇaśca saṁkhye.

19. śaraiḥ ca vegam sahasā nigṛhya
tasya abhitaḥ abhyāpatataḥ gajasya
saḥ saṃgṛhītaḥ rathibhiḥ gajaḥ vai
cacāla taiḥ vāryamāṇaḥ ca saṃkhye

19. śaraiḥ ca abhitaḥ abhyāpatataḥ
tasya gajasya vegam sahasā nigṛhya
saḥ gajaḥ vai rathibhiḥ saṃgṛhītaḥ
taiḥ vāryamāṇaḥ ca saṃkhye cacāla

19. With arrows, they suddenly checked the speed of that elephant, which was rushing from all sides. That elephant, indeed, was held by the charioteers and, being restrained by them in battle, it wavered.

Words meanings summery:

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by means of arrows (used by charioteers) (by arrows)

• च (ca) - and

• वेगम् (vegam) - the charge/speed (of the elephant) (speed, impetuosity, force)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, with force (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having checked (the speed) (having seized, having restrained, having checked)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (elephant) (of that, his)

• अभितः (abhitaḥ) - from all sides (on all sides, around)

• अभ्यापततः (abhyāpatataḥ) - (the elephant) rushing towards (them) (attacking, rushing towards)

• गजस्य (gajasya) - of the elephant (whose speed was checked) (of the elephant)

• सः (saḥ) - that (elephant) (he, that)

• संगृहीतः (saṁgṛhītaḥ) - (the elephant) surrounded/held (seized, surrounded, caught)

• रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by the many charioteers (by charioteers)

• गजः (gajaḥ) - the elephant (subject of wavering) (elephant)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily)

• चचाल (cacāla) - wavered (moved, wavered, trembled)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (charioteers) (by them)

• वार्यमाणः (vāryamāṇaḥ) - (the elephant) being restrained (being restrained, being checked)

• च (ca) - and

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in the battle (in battle, in combat)

Words meanings and morphology

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by means of arrows (used by charioteers) (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

From √śṛ (to break, crush).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Denotes instrument.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वेगम् (vegam) - the charge/speed (of the elephant) (speed, impetuosity, force)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, current

From √vij (to move quickly).

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Object of nigṛhya.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, with force (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental of sahas (force, power) used as an adverb.

Note: Adverbial use.

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having checked (the speed) (having seized, having restrained, having checked)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √grah (to seize) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (elephant) (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies gajasya.

अभितः (abhitaḥ) - from all sides (on all sides, around)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from abhi (towards) with suffix tas.

अभ्यापततः (abhyāpatataḥ) - (the elephant) rushing towards (them) (attacking, rushing towards)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhyāpatat

abhyāpatat - attacking, rushing towards

Present Active Participle

From √pat (to fall, fly) with prefixes abhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: pat (class 1)

गजस्य (gajasya) - of the elephant (whose speed was checked) (of the elephant)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

From √gaj (to be mad, intoxicated, to roar).

Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Possessive for vegam.

सः (saḥ) - that (elephant) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant, subject of cacāla.

संगृहीतः (saṁgṛhītaḥ) - (the elephant) surrounded/held (seized, surrounded, caught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgṛhīta

saṁgṛhīta - seized, surrounded, caught, held

Past Passive Participle

From √grah (to seize) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by the many charioteers (by charioteers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + suffix in.

गजः (gajaḥ) - the elephant (subject of wavering) (elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

From √gaj (to be mad, intoxicated, to roar).

Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Main subject.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis.

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

चचाल (cacāla) - wavered (moved, wavered, trembled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of calati

From √cal (to move, tremble).

Root: cal (class 1)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (charioteers) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to rathibhiḥ.

वार्यमाणः (vāryamāṇaḥ) - (the elephant) being restrained (being restrained, being checked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāryamāṇa

vāryamāṇa - being restrained, being held back

Present Passive Participle

From √vṛ (to restrain, cover) in passive voice, with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in the battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, fight, encounter

From √khyā (to tell, relate) with prefix sam-. Also linked to √khyā (to be known, appear).

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Denotes location of action.