महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-12

तमापतन्तं सहसा तु दृष्ट्वा पाञ्चालराजं युधि राजसिंहः ।
तं वै द्विपं प्रेषयामास तूर्णं वधाय राजन्द्रुपदात्मजस्य ॥१२॥

12. tamāpatantaṁ sahasā tu dṛṣṭvā; pāñcālarājaṁ yudhi rājasiṁhaḥ ,
taṁ vai dvipaṁ preṣayāmāsa tūrṇaṁ; vadhāya rājandrupadātmajasya.

12. tam āpatantaṃ sahasā tu dṛṣṭvā
pāñcālarājaṃ yudhi rājasiṃhaḥ
tam vai dvipaṃ preṣayāmāsa tūrṇaṃ
vadhāya rājan drupadātmajasya

12. rājan,
tu rājasiṃhaḥ yudhi sahasā tam āpatantam pāñcālarājam dṛṣṭvā,
drupadātmajasya vadhāya vai tūrṇaṃ tam dvipaṃ preṣayāmāsa

12. But, O king (rājan), seeing that Pāñcāla king (Pāñcālarāja) swiftly approaching in battle, the lion among kings (rājasiṃhaḥ) immediately dispatched that elephant for the slaying of Drupada's son (Drupādātmaja).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that [Pāñcāla king] (that)

• आपतन्तं (āpatantaṁ) - approaching, falling upon, attacking

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, swiftly, forcefully

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पाञ्चालराजं (pāñcālarājaṁ) - the Pāñcāla king (referring to Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (the Pāñcāla king)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• राजसिंहः (rājasiṁhaḥ) - the lion among kings (a great Kaurava warrior) (the lion among kings, a king like a lion)

• तम् (tam) - that [elephant] (that)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• द्विपं (dvipaṁ) - elephant

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent, he dispatched

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for the slaying, for the destruction, to kill

• राजन् (rājan) - O king! (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king!)

• द्रुपदात्मजस्य (drupadātmajasya) - of Drupada's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (of the son of Drupada)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that [Pāñcāla king] (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to `pāñcālarājaṃ`.

आपतन्तं (āpatantaṁ) - approaching, falling upon, attacking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, falling upon, attacking

Present Active Participle

Prefix ā- + root pat (to fall, fly) + -at (present participle suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `pāñcālarājaṃ`.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, swiftly, forcefully

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of sahas (force) used adverbially.

Note: Modifies `dṛṣṭvā`.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाञ्चालराजं (pāñcālarājaṁ) - the Pāñcāla king (referring to Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (the Pāñcāla king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāñcālarāja

pāñcālarāja - King of Pāñcāla, the Pāñcāla King (refers to Drupada or Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāñcāla+rāja)

• pāñcāla – Pāñcāla (name of a country or its king Drupada)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

राजसिंहः (rājasiṁhaḥ) - the lion among kings (a great Kaurava warrior) (the lion among kings, a king like a lion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasiṃha

rājasiṁha - lion among kings, excellent king, great warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+siṃha)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `preṣayāmāsa`.

तम् (tam) - that [elephant] (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the elephant `dvipaṃ`.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

द्विपं (dvipaṁ) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (lit. 'two-tusked')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tusk, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From root rad (to bite)
  Root: rad (class 1)

Note: Object of `preṣayāmāsa`.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent, he dispatched

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pra-iṣay

causative

Causative of pra-iṣ (to wish, impel). From prefix pra- + root iṣ (to send)

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Periphrastic past perfect (ām-Liṭ) form.

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used adverbially)

From root tvar (to hurry) + -na (ppp suffix)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying `preṣayāmāsa`.

वधाय (vadhāya) - for the slaying, for the destruction, to kill

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, striking, destruction

From root vadh (to strike, slay)

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

राजन् (rājan) - O king! (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

द्रुपदात्मजस्य (drupadātmajasya) - of Drupada's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (of the son of Drupada)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of drupadātmaja

drupadātmaja - son of Drupada (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (drupada+ātmaja)

• drupada – Drupada (name of the King of Pāñcāla)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, offspring (lit. 'born from the self')
  noun (masculine)
  From ātman (self) + jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies `vadhāya`, indicating whose slaying. Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.