महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-2

आस्थाय सुमहानागं प्रभिन्नं पर्वतोपमम् ।
दृप्तमैरावतप्रख्यममित्रगणमर्दनम् ॥२॥

2. āsthāya sumahānāgaṁ prabhinnaṁ parvatopamam ,
dṛptamairāvataprakhyamamitragaṇamardanam.

2. āsthāya sumahānāgam prabhinnam parvatopamam
dṛptam airāvataprakhyam amitraganmardanam

2. sumahānāgam prabhinnam parvatopamam dṛptam
airāvataprakhyam amitraganmardanam āsthāya

2. He did so having mounted a very mighty elephant, which was in rut, resembling a mountain, like the proud Airāvata, and capable of crushing enemy hordes.

Words meanings summery:

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken up, having ascended

• सुमहानागम् (sumahānāgam) - a very great elephant

• प्रभिन्नम् (prabhinnam) - (elephant) in rut (in rut, ichor-flowing, cleft, broken)

• पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

• दृप्तम् (dṛptam) - proud, arrogant, haughty

• ऐरावतप्रख्यम् (airāvataprakhyam) - resembling Airāvata

• अमित्रगन्मर्दनम् (amitraganmardanam) - crushing the hordes of enemies, destroyer of enemy hosts

Words meanings and morphology

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken up, having ascended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of √sthā with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सुमहानागम् (sumahānāgam) - a very great elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumahānāga

sumahānāga - a very great elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat+nāga)

• su – very, exceedingly, well
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• nāga – elephant; snake, serpent
  noun (masculine)

प्रभिन्नम् (prabhinnam) - (elephant) in rut (in rut, ichor-flowing, cleft, broken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhinna

prabhinna - in rut (of an elephant); cleft, broken, differentiated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √bhid with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Modifies sumahānāgam

पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvatopama

parvatopama - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+upama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, similar, resembling
  adjective

Note: Modifies sumahānāgam

दृप्तम् (dṛptam) - proud, arrogant, haughty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dṛpta

dṛpta - proud, arrogant, haughty, inflated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √dṛp

Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Modifies sumahānāgam. Part of the larger compound description.

ऐरावतप्रख्यम् (airāvataprakhyam) - resembling Airāvata

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of airāvataprakhya

airāvataprakhya - resembling Airāvata (Indra's elephant)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (airāvata+prakhya)

• airāvata – Airāvata (the elephant of Indra)
  proper noun (masculine)
• prakhya – resembling, appearing like, famous
  adjective

Note: Modifies sumahānāgam

अमित्रगन्मर्दनम् (amitraganmardanam) - crushing the hordes of enemies, destroyer of enemy hosts

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitraganmardana

amitraganmardana - crushing the hordes of enemies, destroyer of enemy hosts

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+gaṇa+mardana)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, horde
  noun (masculine)
• mardana – crushing, destroying, oppressing (agent noun/adjective)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from √mṛd with suffix -ana
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Modifies sumahānāgam