महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-15

तं नागराजं सहसा प्रणुन्नं विद्राव्यमाणं च निगृह्य शाल्वः ।
तोत्त्राङ्कुशैः प्रेषयामास तूर्णं पाञ्चालराजस्य रथं प्रदिश्य ॥१५॥

15. taṁ nāgarājaṁ sahasā praṇunnaṁ; vidrāvyamāṇaṁ ca nigṛhya śālvaḥ ,
tottrāṅkuśaiḥ preṣayāmāsa tūrṇaṁ; pāñcālarājasya rathaṁ pradiśya.

15. tam nāgarājam sahasā pranuṇṇam
vidrāvyamāṇam ca nigṛhya śālvaḥ
tottrāṅkuśaiḥ preṣayāmāsa tūrṇam
pāñcālarājasya ratham pradiśya

15. śālvaḥ sahasā pranuṇṇam vidrāvyamāṇam
ca tam nāgarājam nigṛhya
pāñcālarājasya ratham pradiśya
tūrṇam tottrāṅkuśaiḥ preṣayāmāsa

15. Salva, suddenly restraining that king of elephants (nāgarāja) which was being driven away and put to flight, quickly dispatched it with goads and hooks, directing it towards the chariot of the Pāñcāla king.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - That elephant. (him, that)

• नागराजम् (nāgarājam) - lord of elephants, great elephant

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

• प्रनुण्णम् (pranuṇṇam) - driven, urged, propelled, pushed forward

• विद्राव्यमाणम् (vidrāvyamāṇam) - being put to flight, being routed, being made to flee

• च (ca) - and

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having seized, having restrained, having caught

• शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - King Salva. (Salva (name of a king/people))

• तोत्त्राङ्कुशैः (tottrāṅkuśaiḥ) - with goads and hooks

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent, dispatched, urged

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• पाञ्चालराजस्य (pāñcālarājasya) - of the Pāñcāla king

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• प्रदिश्य (pradiśya) - having directed, having pointed out

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - That elephant. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant.

नागराजम् (nāgarājam) - lord of elephants, great elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents, king of elephants

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nāga+rājan)

• nāga – serpent, elephant, mountain
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

(indeclinable)

प्रनुण्णम् (pranuṇṇam) - driven, urged, propelled, pushed forward

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pranuṇṇa

pranuṇṇa - driven, urged, propelled

Past Passive Participle

Root nud (to push, impel) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective.

विद्राव्यमाणम् (vidrāvyamāṇam) - being put to flight, being routed, being made to flee

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidrāvyamāṇa

vidrāvyamāṇa - being put to flight, being routed

Present Passive Participle

Root drā (to run, flee) with upasarga vi. Causal form drāvaya + māna suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adjective.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having seized, having restrained, having caught

(indeclinable participle)

शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - King Salva. (Salva (name of a king/people))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Salva (name of a king or a people/region)

तोत्त्राङ्कुशैः (tottrāṅkuśaiḥ) - with goads and hooks

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tottrāṅkuśa

tottrāṅkuśa - goad and hook

Compound type : Dvandva (tottra+aṅkuśa)

• tottra – goad, prod
  noun (neuter)
  From root tud (to strike, impel).
  Root: tud (class 6)
• aṅkuśa – elephant-hook, goad, barb
  noun (masculine)

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent, dispatched, urged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of preṣaya

Periphrastic Perfect, 3rd person singular (Causal of iṣ)

Formed from pra-iṣ (to send) + ṇic (causal) -> preṣaya, then periphrastic perfect with āmāsa.

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of tūrṇa (PPP of tvar to hasten) used adverbially.

पाञ्चालराजस्य (pāñcālarājasya) - of the Pāñcāla king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāñcālarāja

pāñcālarāja - king of the Pāñcālas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pāñcāla+rājan)

• pāñcāla – (belonging to) the Pāñcālas (a people/region)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ramh (to go swiftly).

Root: ramh

Note: Object of preṣayāmāsa.

प्रदिश्य (pradiśya) - having directed, having pointed out

(indeclinable participle)