महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
संनिवृत्ते बलौघे तु शाल्वो म्लेच्छगणाधिपः ।
अभ्यवर्तत संक्रुद्धः पाण्डूनां सुमहद्बलम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
saṁnivṛtte balaughe tu śālvo mlecchagaṇādhipaḥ ,
abhyavartata saṁkruddhaḥ pāṇḍūnāṁ sumahadbalam.

1. sañjaya uvāca saṃnivṛtte balaughe tu śālvaḥ mlecchagaṇādhipaḥ
abhyavartata saṃkruddhaḥ pāṇḍūnām sumahadbalam

1. sañjaya uvāca tu balaughe saṃnivṛtte śālvaḥ mlecchagaṇādhipaḥ
saṃkruddhaḥ pāṇḍūnām sumahat balam abhyavartata

1. Sañjaya said: But when the massive army had retreated, Śālva, the enraged chief of the barbarian hordes, attacked the vast army of the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• संनिवृत्ते (saṁnivṛtte) - when retreated, when withdrawn, when returned

• बलौघे (balaughe) - in the mass of troops, in the army

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Śālva (a proper name)

• म्लेच्छगणाधिपः (mlecchagaṇādhipaḥ) - chief of the barbarian hordes

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - attacked, turned towards, advanced against

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• सुमहद्बलम् (sumahadbalam) - the very great army

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd singular active of √vac (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

संनिवृत्ते (saṁnivṛtte) - when retreated, when withdrawn, when returned

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - returned, retreated, withdrawn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛt with prefixes sam- and ni-

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction, modifying balaughe

बलौघे (balaughe) - in the mass of troops, in the army

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of balaugha

balaugha - mass of troops, army, host

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bala+ogha)

• bala – strength, force, army
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – flood, torrent, mass, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative absolute construction

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Śālva (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Śālva (name of a king, a region)

म्लेच्छगणाधिपः (mlecchagaṇādhipaḥ) - chief of the barbarian hordes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mlecchagaṇādhipa

mlecchagaṇādhipa - chief of the barbarian hordes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mleccha+gaṇa+adhipa)

• mleccha – foreigner, barbarian
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, horde
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, chief, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Compound of mleccha-gaṇa and adhipa

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - attacked, turned towards, advanced against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of abhyavṛt

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect 3rd singular middle of √vṛt with prefixes abhi- and ava-

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, very angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √krudh with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies Śālva

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of the father of the Pāṇḍavas); pale, yellowish white

Note: Referring to the sons of Pāṇḍu

सुमहद्बलम् (sumahadbalam) - the very great army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahadbala

sumahadbala - very great army, mighty force

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahat+bala)

• su – good, excellent, very, well
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, force, army
  noun (neuter)