महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-20

ततः पृषत्कान्प्रववर्ष राजा सूर्यो यथा रश्मिजालं समन्तात् ।
तेनाशुगैर्वध्यमाना रथौघाः प्रदुद्रुवुस्तत्र ततस्तु सर्वे ॥२०॥

20. tataḥ pṛṣatkānpravavarṣa rājā; sūryo yathā raśmijālaṁ samantāt ,
tenāśugairvadhyamānā rathaughāḥ; pradudruvustatra tatastu sarve.

20. tataḥ pṛṣatkān pravavarṣa rājā
sūryaḥ yathā raśmijālam samantāt tena
āśugaiḥ vadhyamānāḥ rathaughāḥ
pradudruvuḥ tatra tataḥ tu sarve

20. rājā tataḥ pṛṣatkān pravavarṣa
yathā sūryaḥ raśmijālam samantāt
sarve rathaughāḥ tena āśugaiḥ
vadhyamānāḥ tatra tataḥ tu pradudruvuḥ

20. Then, the king rained down arrows just as the sun spreads its network of rays everywhere. All the throngs of chariots, being struck by those swift arrows, then fled from that spot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from there)

• पृषत्कान् (pṛṣatkān) - arrows (arrows, drops)

• प्रववर्ष (pravavarṣa) - rained down (arrows) (rained down, poured forth)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (king)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun (sun, Sun-god)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• रश्मिजालम् (raśmijālam) - a network of rays (network of rays, multitude of rays)

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - everywhere (from all sides, everywhere)

• तेन (tena) - by those (arrows) (by that, by him)

• आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - by the swift arrows (by swift-moving ones (arrows))

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - (the chariots) being struck (being struck, being wounded, being killed)

• रथौघाः (rathaughāḥ) - throngs of chariots (throngs of chariots, multitude of chariots)

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - fled (fled, dispersed, ran away)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that place (then, from there)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the chariots) (all, every)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from there)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) with suffix tas.

पृषत्कान् (pṛṣatkān) - arrows (arrows, drops)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow, drop (of water), spotted deer

From pṛṣat (spotted) + ka.

Note: Object of pravavarṣa.

प्रववर्ष (pravavarṣa) - rained down (arrows) (rained down, poured forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of pravarṣati

From √vṛṣ (to rain) with prefix pra-. Pravavarṣa is perfect tense.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

From root √rāj (to rule, shine).

Root: rāj (class 1)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun (sun, Sun-god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, Sun-god

From √svar (to shine) or √sū (to impel).

Root: svar (class 1)

Note: Subject in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

रश्मिजालम् (raśmijālam) - a network of rays (network of rays, multitude of rays)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of raśmijāla

raśmijāla - network of rays, multitude of rays

Tatpuruṣa compound: raśmi (ray) + jāla (net, multitude).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raśmi+jāla)

• raśmi – ray, cord, bridle
  noun (masculine)
• jāla – net, multitude, collection
  noun (neuter)

समन्तात् (samantāt) - everywhere (from all sides, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from samanta (all-around) with suffix tas.

Note: Modifies the action of spreading/raining.

तेन (tena) - by those (arrows) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to pṛṣatkān (arrows), acting as agent of striking.

आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - by the swift arrows (by swift-moving ones (arrows))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - swift-moving, arrow (that which moves swiftly)

Tatpuruṣa compound: āśu (swift) + ga (going).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick
  adjective
• ga – going, moving
  adjective
  Agentive suffix
  From √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agent of vadhyamānāḥ.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - (the chariots) being struck (being struck, being wounded, being killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāṇa

vadhyamāṇa - being struck, being wounded, being killed

Present Passive Participle

From passive stem of √vadh (to strike, kill), derived from √han (to strike) via ghñ > vadh substitute.

Root: han (class 2)

रथौघाः (rathaughāḥ) - throngs of chariots (throngs of chariots, multitude of chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathaugha

rathaugha - throng/multitude of chariots

Tatpuruṣa compound: ratha (chariot) + ogha (flood, multitude).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ogha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• ogha – flood, torrent, multitude
  noun (masculine)

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - fled (fled, dispersed, ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of pradravati

From √dru (to run) with prefix pra-. Pradudruvuḥ is perfect tense.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad (that) + suffix tra.

ततः (tataḥ) - from that place (then, from there)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) with suffix tas.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the chariots) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun.