महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-19, verse-13

स तं द्विपं सहसाभ्यापतन्तमविध्यदर्कप्रतिमैः पृषत्कैः ।
कर्मारधौतैर्निशितैर्ज्वलद्भिर्नाराचमुख्यैस्त्रिभिरुग्रवेगैः ॥१३॥

13. sa taṁ dvipaṁ sahasābhyāpatanta;mavidhyadarkapratimaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ ,
karmāradhautairniśitairjvaladbhi;rnārācamukhyaistribhirugravegaiḥ.

13. saḥ tam dvipam sahasā abhyāpatantam
avidhyat arkapratimaiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ
karmāradhautaiḥ niśitaiḥ jvaladbhiḥ
nārācamukhyaiḥ tribhiḥ ugravegaiḥ

13. saḥ ugravegaiḥ arkapratimaiḥ
karmāradhautaiḥ niśitaiḥ jvaladbhiḥ
nārācamukhyaiḥ tribhiḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ sahasā
abhyāpatantam tam dvipam avidhyat

13. He pierced that elephant, which was suddenly charging towards him, with three intensely swift, chief iron arrows (nārāca), which were blazing, sharpened by blacksmiths, and shone like the sun.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• द्विपम् (dvipam) - elephant

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

• अभ्यापतन्तम् (abhyāpatantam) - approaching, rushing towards, attacking

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck, hit

• अर्कप्रतिमैः (arkapratimaiḥ) - sun-like, shining like the sun

• पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

• कर्मारधौतैः (karmāradhautaiḥ) - polished by blacksmiths, sharpened by smiths

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharpened, keen, whetted

• ज्वलद्भिः (jvaladbhiḥ) - blazing, glowing, shining

• नाराचमुख्यैः (nārācamukhyaiḥ) - chief among iron arrows, principal iron arrows

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

• उग्रवेगैः (ugravegaiḥ) - with terrible speed, with fierce velocity

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

द्विपम् (dvipam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker')

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

(indeclinable)

अभ्यापतन्तम् (abhyāpatantam) - approaching, rushing towards, attacking

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyāpatat

abhyāpatat - approaching, rushing towards

Present Active Participle

Root pat (to fall, move), with upasargas abhi (towards) and ā (hither). Formed from abhyā-pat- + śatṛ.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: pat (class 1)

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root vyadh (to pierce). Pāṇini 6.4.120 indicates vyadh can become vidh. Here, a-vidhy-at is the imperfect form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

अर्कप्रतिमैः (arkapratimaiḥ) - sun-like, shining like the sun

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of arkapratima

arkapratima - resembling the sun, sun-like

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (arka+pratima)

• arka – sun, ray
  noun (masculine)
• pratima – image, likeness, resemblance
  noun (feminine)
  From prati + mā (to measure).
  Prefix: prati
  Root: mā (class 3)

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - arrow

कर्मारधौतैः (karmāradhautaiḥ) - polished by blacksmiths, sharpened by smiths

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of karmāradhauta

karmāradhauta - polished/sharpened by blacksmiths

Past Passive Participle

Compound. dhauta is PPP of dhāu (to cleanse, polish).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (karmāra+dhauta)

• karmāra – blacksmith, worker
  noun (masculine)
• dhauta – polished, cleansed, washed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhāu (to wash, cleanse).
  Root: dhāu (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - sharpened, keen, whetted

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, whetted

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen) with ni (down, thoroughly).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adjective.

ज्वलद्भिः (jvaladbhiḥ) - blazing, glowing, shining

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jvalat

jvalat - blazing, glowing, shining

Present Active Participle

From root jval (to blaze, shine).

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective.

नाराचमुख्यैः (nārācamukhyaiḥ) - chief among iron arrows, principal iron arrows

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nārācamukhya

nārācamukhya - chief of iron arrows, principal iron arrows

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nārāca+mukhya)

• nārāca – iron arrow, arrow made entirely of iron
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from mukha (face, front).

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

(numeral)

Note: Functions as an adjective with pṛṣatkaiḥ.

उग्रवेगैः (ugravegaiḥ) - with terrible speed, with fierce velocity

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ugravega

ugravega - of fierce speed, terrible velocity

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ugra+vega)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)
  From root vij (to move rapidly).
  Root: vij (class 6)