महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-45, verse-4

संजय उवाच ।
संशुष्कास्याश्चलन्नेत्राः प्रस्विन्ना लोमहर्षिणः ।
पलायनकृतोत्साहा निरुत्साहा द्विषज्जये ॥४॥

4. saṁjaya uvāca ,
saṁśuṣkāsyāścalannetrāḥ prasvinnā lomaharṣiṇaḥ ,
palāyanakṛtotsāhā nirutsāhā dviṣajjaye.

4. saṃjayaḥ uvāca saṃśuṣkāsyāḥ calannetrāḥ prasvinnāḥ
lomaharṣiṇaḥ palāyanakṛtotsāhā nirutsāhā dviṣatjaye

4. saṃjayaḥ uvāca (te) saṃśuṣkāsyāḥ calannetrāḥ prasvinnāḥ
lomaharṣiṇaḥ (āsan) palāyanakṛtotsāhā dviṣatjaye nirutsāhā (ca)

4. Sanjaya said: With parched mouths, restless eyes, sweating, and hair standing on end, they were eager to flee, having no enthusiasm for conquering their enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya, the charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• संशुष्कास्याः (saṁśuṣkāsyāḥ) - referring to the warriors whose mouths were dry from fear/exertion (with parched/dried mouths)

• चलन्नेत्राः (calannetrāḥ) - referring to the warriors whose eyes were darting around in fear (with restless/moving eyes)

• प्रस्विन्नाः (prasvinnāḥ) - referring to the warriors, sweating from fear or exertion (sweating, perspiring)

• लोमहर्षिणः (lomaharṣiṇaḥ) - indicating fear or terror among the warriors (with hair standing on end)

• पलायनकृतोत्साहा (palāyanakṛtotsāhā) - describing the warriors' state of mind, preferring flight over battle (whose enthusiasm was for fleeing, eager to flee)

• निरुत्साहा (nirutsāhā) - lacking motivation for battle, particularly for victory (devoid of enthusiasm, dispirited)

• द्विषत्जये (dviṣatjaye) - in achieving triumph against the opposing army (in the victory over enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya, the charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, complete triumph; name of a person

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect active

root 'vac', perfect tense, reduplicated form

Root: vac (class 2)

संशुष्कास्याः (saṁśuṣkāsyāḥ) - referring to the warriors whose mouths were dry from fear/exertion (with parched/dried mouths)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśuṣkāsya

saṁśuṣkāsya - having a parched/dried mouth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃśuṣka+āsya)

• saṃśuṣka – dried, withered, parched
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root 'śuṣ' (to dry) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• āsya – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

चलन्नेत्राः (calannetrāḥ) - referring to the warriors whose eyes were darting around in fear (with restless/moving eyes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of calannetra

calannetra - having restless eyes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (calat+netra)

• calat – moving, restless, shaking
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle
  from root 'cal' (to move)
  Root: cal (class 1)
• netra – eye
  noun (neuter)

प्रस्विन्नाः (prasvinnāḥ) - referring to the warriors, sweating from fear or exertion (sweating, perspiring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prasvinna

prasvinna - sweating, perspiring

past passive participle

from root 'svid' (to sweat) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: svid (class 4)

लोमहर्षिणः (lomaharṣiṇaḥ) - indicating fear or terror among the warriors (with hair standing on end)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lomaharṣin

lomaharṣin - causing the hair to stand on end; having the hair standing on end

agent noun from 'loman' (hair) and 'hṛṣ' (to thrill/bristle)

Compound type : tatpurusha (loman+harṣa)

• loman – hair, fur
  noun (neuter)
• harṣa – thrilling, bristling (as of hair)
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, be excited)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

पलायनकृतोत्साहा (palāyanakṛtotsāhā) - describing the warriors' state of mind, preferring flight over battle (whose enthusiasm was for fleeing, eager to flee)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of palāyanakṛtotsāha

palāyanakṛtotsāha - having made an effort/enthusiasm for fleeing

Compound type : bahuvrihi (palāyana+kṛta+utsāha)

• palāyana – fleeing, running away, escape
  noun (neuter)
  from root 'ay' (to go) with prefix 'parā'
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ay (class 1)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort, exertion
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'sah' (to endure, overcome) with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

निरुत्साहा (nirutsāhā) - lacking motivation for battle, particularly for victory (devoid of enthusiasm, dispirited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirutsāha

nirutsāha - without enthusiasm, dispirited

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nir+utsāha)

• nir – without, devoid of
  indeclinable
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort, exertion
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'sah' (to endure, overcome) with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

द्विषत्जये (dviṣatjaye) - in achieving triumph against the opposing army (in the victory over enemies)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dviṣatjaya

dviṣatjaya - victory over enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (dviṣat+jaya)

• dviṣat – enemy, hostile person
  noun (masculine)
  present active participle
  from root 'dviṣ' (to hate)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)
• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)