महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-45, verse-23

ततः क्राथः शरव्रातैरार्जुनिं समवाकिरत् ।
अथेतरे संनिवृत्ताः पुनर्द्रोणमुखा रथाः ।
परमास्त्राणि धुन्वानाः सौभद्रमभिदुद्रुवुः ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ krāthaḥ śaravrātairārjuniṁ samavākirat ,
athetare saṁnivṛttāḥ punardroṇamukhā rathāḥ ,
paramāstrāṇi dhunvānāḥ saubhadramabhidudruvuḥ.

23. tataḥ krāthaḥ śaravrātāiḥ ārjunim
samavākirat atha itare saṃnivṛttāḥ
punaḥ droṇamukhāḥ rathāḥ paramāstrāṇi
dhunvānāḥ saubhadram abhidudruvuḥ

23. tataḥ krāthaḥ śaravrātāiḥ ārjunim
samavākirat atha droṇamukhāḥ itare
rathāḥ saṃnivṛttāḥ punaḥ paramāstrāṇi
dhunvānāḥ saubhadram abhidudruvuḥ

23. Then, Krātha showered Abhimanyu with torrents of arrows. Meanwhile, the other charioteers, led by Droṇa, having turned back, again rushed towards Abhimanyu, wielding their supreme weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• क्राथः (krāthaḥ) - Krātha (proper name)

• शरव्राताइः (śaravrātāiḥ) - with showers of arrows, with multitudes of arrows

• आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Abhimanyu (Arjuna's son, Abhimanyu)

• समवाकिरत् (samavākirat) - he showered, poured upon, covered

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, meanwhile

• इतरे (itare) - the other warriors/charioteers (the others)

• संनिवृत्ताः (saṁnivṛttāḥ) - having returned, having turned back

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• द्रोणमुखाः (droṇamukhāḥ) - led by Droṇa, having Droṇa as chief

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers (referring to the warriors in the chariots) (chariots, charioteers)

• परमास्त्राणि (paramāstrāṇi) - supreme weapons, powerful missiles

• धुन्वानाः (dhunvānāḥ) - wielding, shaking, agitating

• सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu)

• अभिदुद्रुवुः (abhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards, they attacked

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

क्राथः (krāthaḥ) - Krātha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krātha

krātha - Krātha (a specific warrior's name)

शरव्राताइः (śaravrātāiḥ) - with showers of arrows, with multitudes of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaravrāta

śaravrāta - multitude of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+vrāta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vrāta – multitude, host, collection
  noun (masculine)

आर्जुनिम् (ārjunim) - Abhimanyu (Arjuna's son, Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārjuni

ārjuni - son of Arjuna

Patronymic aṇ suffix applied to arjuna

समवाकिरत् (samavākirat) - he showered, poured upon, covered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-ava-kṛ

Imperfect

3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: kṛ (class 6)

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, meanwhile

(indeclinable)

इतरे (itare) - the other warriors/charioteers (the others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different

संनिवृत्ताः (saṁnivṛttāḥ) - having returned, having turned back

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - returned, turned back, come back

Past Passive Participle

From root sam-ni-vṛt (to turn back, return) + kta

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

द्रोणमुखाः (droṇamukhāḥ) - led by Droṇa, having Droṇa as chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of droṇamukha

droṇamukha - led by Droṇa, having Droṇa as chief, Droṇa and others

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (droṇa+mukha)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor in the Mahābhārata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, principal
  noun (neuter)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers (referring to the warriors in the chariots) (chariots, charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, warrior in a chariot

Root: ram (class 1)

परमास्त्राणि (paramāstrāṇi) - supreme weapons, powerful missiles

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paramāstra

paramāstra - supreme weapon, powerful missile

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+astra)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of dhunvānāḥ.

धुन्वानाः (dhunvānāḥ) - wielding, shaking, agitating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhū

dhū - to shake, to agitate, to wield

Present Middle Participle

From root dhū (to shake) + śānac

Root: dhū (class 5)

सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā

Patronymic aṇ suffix applied to subhadrā

अभिदुद्रुवुः (abhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of abhi-dru

Perfect

3rd person plural, active voice, parasmaipada

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)