महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-119, verse-20

एतत्ते कथितं राजन्यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ।
न हि शक्या रणे जेतुं सात्वता मनुजर्षभ ॥२०॥

20. etatte kathitaṁ rājanyanmāṁ tvaṁ paripṛcchasi ,
na hi śakyā raṇe jetuṁ sātvatā manujarṣabha.

20. etat te kathitam rājan yat mām tvam paripṛcchasi
na hi śakyā raṇe jetum sātvatā manujarṣabha

20. rājan manujarṣabha,
yat tvam mām paripṛcchasi,
etat te kathitam.
hi raṇe sātvatā jetum na śakyā.

20. O King, O best of men, this which you ask me has been told to you. Indeed, it is not possible to conquer in battle against the Sātvata (Satyaki).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (story, information) (this, this (matter))

• ते (te) - to you (to you, for you, your)

• कथितम् (kathitam) - has been told (told, narrated, spoken)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

• माम् (mām) - me, to me

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

• शक्या (śakyā) - is not possible (to conquer) (capable, possible, able (feminine))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

• सात्वता (sātvatā) - by the warrior of the Sātvata clan (Satyaki), implying 'against the Sātvata' (by the Sātvata, belonging to the Sātvata clan)

• मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - O best of men, O chief among men

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (story, information) (this, this (matter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'kathitam'.

ते (te) - to you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Indirect object.

कथितम् (kathitam) - has been told (told, narrated, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kath

kath - to tell, to narrate, to speak

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kath' (class 10), used as a past passive participle.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Functions as the main verb here.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Address to the king (Duryodhana, as per context).

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Object of 'paripṛcchasi'.

माम् (mām) - me, to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Direct object of 'paripṛcchasi'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Subject of 'paripṛcchasi'.

परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pṛcch

present active

Root 'prac' (class 6) takes 'pṛcch' in present tense; with prefix 'pari-'.

Prefix: pari

Root: prac (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

शक्या (śakyā) - is not possible (to conquer) (capable, possible, able (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, to be able

Gerundive

Derived from root 'śak' (class 5) with suffix '-ya'. Feminine nominative singular.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate here.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer, to win

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from root 'ji' (class 1) with suffix '-tum'.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or capability.

सात्वता (sātvatā) - by the warrior of the Sātvata clan (Satyaki), implying 'against the Sātvata' (by the Sātvata, belonging to the Sātvata clan)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - descendant of Sātvata; a member of the Yādava tribe, often referring to Satyaki

Patronymic or clan name derived from Sātvata.

Note: The instrumental case is here interpreted as denoting opposition, i.e., 'against the Sātvata'.

मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - O best of men, O chief among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of manujarṣabha

manujarṣabha - bull among men, best of men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuja+ṛṣabha)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another address to the king.