महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-119, verse-2

स कथं कौरवेयेण समरेष्वनिवारितः ।
निगृह्य भूरिश्रवसा बलाद्भुवि निपातितः ॥२॥

2. sa kathaṁ kauraveyeṇa samareṣvanivāritaḥ ,
nigṛhya bhūriśravasā balādbhuvi nipātitaḥ.

2. saḥ katham kauraveyeṇa samareṣu anivāritaḥ
nigṛhya bhūriśravasā balāt bhuvi nipātitaḥ

2. saḥ katham kauraveyeṇa samareṣu anivāritaḥ
bhūriśravasā nigṛhya balāt bhuvi nipātitaḥ

2. —how was he, unhindered by the Kauravas in battles, then seized by Bhuriśravas and forcibly thrown to the ground?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that hero (Sātyaki) (he, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how is it possible (how, why)

• कौरवेयेण (kauraveyeṇa) - by the warriors of the Kuru lineage (Kauravas) (by a descendant of Kuru, by a Kaurava)

• समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

• अनिवारितः (anivāritaḥ) - unhindered, unopposed, unrestrained

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having seized, having captured, having held down

• भूरिश्रवसा (bhūriśravasā) - by the warrior Bhuriśravas (by Bhuriśravas)

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, to the ground

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - thrown down, felled, caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that hero (Sātyaki) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'vīraḥ' in the previous verse.

कथम् (katham) - how is it possible (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

कौरवेयेण (kauraveyeṇa) - by the warriors of the Kuru lineage (Kauravas) (by a descendant of Kuru, by a Kaurava)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kauraveya

kauraveya - a descendant of Kuru; a Kaurava

from Kuru + ḍhak suffix (patronymic)

Note: Agent for 'anivāritaḥ'.

समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

Note: Adverbial locative indicating location of action.

अनिवारितः (anivāritaḥ) - unhindered, unopposed, unrestrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anivārita

anivārita - unhindered, unopposed, unchecked

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

from a (not) + nivārita (hindered, from root vṛ with ni)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivārita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nivārita – hindered, stopped, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛ (to cover, restrain) with upasarga ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having seized, having captured, having held down

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive from root grah (to seize) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Action performed by Bhuriśravas before throwing down.

भूरिश्रवसा (bhūriśravasā) - by the warrior Bhuriśravas (by Bhuriśravas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhūriśravas

bhūriśravas - Bhuriśravas (name of a warrior); rich in fame/glory

from bhūri (much, abundant) + śravas (fame, glory)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhūri+śravas)

• bhūri – much, abundant, great
  adjective (neuter)
• śravas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of 'nigṛhya' and 'nipātitaḥ'.

बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative used as an adverb.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, to the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

Note: Location of the action.

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - thrown down, felled, caused to fall

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - thrown down, felled, caused to fall

Causative Past Passive Participle

from root pat (to fall) with upasarga ni, causative stem

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Principal verb of the main clause.