महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-4, verse-6

मृदु वै मन्यते पापो भाष्यमाणमशक्तिजम् ।
जितमर्थं विजानीयादबुधो मार्दवे सति ॥६॥

6. mṛdu vai manyate pāpo bhāṣyamāṇamaśaktijam ,
jitamarthaṁ vijānīyādabudho mārdave sati.

6. mṛdu vai manyate pāpaḥ bhāṣyamāṇam aśaktijam
| jitam artham vijānīyāt abudhaḥ mārdave sati

6. Indeed, a wicked person considers gentle words, when spoken, to be born of weakness. A fool would presume his cause is won if gentleness is shown.

Words meanings summery:

• मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle (words) (soft, gentle)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

• मन्यते (manyate) - he considers (he thinks, he considers)

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - a wicked person, an evil person (wicked person, sinful)

• भाष्यमाणम् (bhāṣyamāṇam) - when spoken (words) (being spoken, being said)

• अशक्तिजम् (aśaktijam) - born of weakness (born of weakness, caused by helplessness)

• जितम् (jitam) - won (conquered, won, vanquished)

• अर्थम् (artham) - cause, purpose (object, purpose, cause, meaning, wealth)

• विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - would consider, would presume (one should know, one should recognize)

• अबुधः (abudhaḥ) - a fool (ignorant, foolish person)

• मार्दवे (mārdave) - if there is gentleness, in the presence of gentleness (in gentleness, in softness)

• सति (sati) - being, existing (if there is) (being, existing)

Words meanings and morphology

मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle (words) (soft, gentle)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, tender, mild, delicate

Note: Qualifies the implied 'vākyam'.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

मन्यते (manyate) - he considers (he thinks, he considers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of man

Root: man (class 4)

पापः (pāpaḥ) - a wicked person, an evil person (wicked person, sinful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, wicked, bad, evil; a wicked person, a sin

Note: Subject of 'manyate'.

भाष्यमाणम् (bhāṣyamāṇam) - when spoken (words) (being spoken, being said)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣyamāṇa

bhāṣyamāṇa - being spoken, being said

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root bhāṣ (to speak) with suffix -māna

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'vākyam'.

अशक्तिजम् (aśaktijam) - born of weakness (born of weakness, caused by helplessness)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśaktija

aśaktija - born of weakness, caused by inability/helplessness

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśakti+ja)

• aśakti – weakness, inability, helplessness
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: śak (class 5)
• ja – born, produced from, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Complement to 'manyate' (considers X as Y).

जितम् (jitam) - won (conquered, won, vanquished)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, overcome, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with suffix -ta

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'artham'.

अर्थम् (artham) - cause, purpose (object, purpose, cause, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, aim, cause, meaning, wealth, advantage

Note: Object of 'vijānīyāt'.

विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - would consider, would presume (one should know, one should recognize)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vijñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is 'abudhaḥ'.

अबुधः (abudhaḥ) - a fool (ignorant, foolish person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abudha

abudha - ignorant, foolish, stupid; a fool

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+budha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• budha – wise, learned; a wise person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vijānīyāt'.

मार्दवे (mārdave) - if there is gentleness, in the presence of gentleness (in gentleness, in softness)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mārdava

mārdava - softness, gentleness, mildness, tenderness

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'sati'.

सति (sati) - being, existing (if there is) (being, existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real, true

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to be) with suffix -at

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction 'mārdave sati' meaning 'when gentleness exists' or 'if there is gentleness'.