महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-4, verse-27

यथा दुर्योधनो वाच्यो यथा शांतनवो नृपः ।
धृतराष्ट्रो यथा वाच्यो द्रोणश्च विदुषां वरः ॥२७॥

27. yathā duryodhano vācyo yathā śāṁtanavo nṛpaḥ ,
dhṛtarāṣṭro yathā vācyo droṇaśca viduṣāṁ varaḥ.

27. yathā duryodhanaḥ vācyaḥ yathā śāntanavaḥ nṛpaḥ
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ yathā vācyaḥ droṇaḥ ca viduṣām varaḥ

27. Regarding how Duryodhana should be addressed, and how King Bhīṣma (śāntanava), and how Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Droṇa, the foremost among the wise, should be addressed.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - how, regarding how (as, just as, how)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper name))

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be addressed (to be spoken, to be said, to be addressed)

• यथा (yathā) - how, regarding how (as, just as, how)

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma) (son of Śāntanu; Bhīṣma)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king (king, ruler)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name))

• यथा (yathā) - how, regarding how (as, just as, how)

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be addressed (to be spoken, to be said, to be addressed)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विदुषाम् (viduṣām) - of the wise ones (of the wise, of scholars)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the foremost (best, excellent, choice, boon)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - how, regarding how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - difficult to fight; proper name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From √yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vācyaḥ'.

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be addressed (to be spoken, to be said, to be addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be declared, to be addressed

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √vac (to speak) + -ya suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective.

यथा (yathā) - how, regarding how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma) (son of Śāntanu; Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu, an epithet for Bhīṣma

Patronymic from Śāntanu.

Note: Appositive to 'nṛpaḥ'.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'man-protector')

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of the blind king of Hastinapura

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of implied 'vācyaḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - how, regarding how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - to be addressed (to be spoken, to be said, to be addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, to be declared, to be addressed

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √vac (to speak) + -ya suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - a measure of grain; name of a renowned teacher of archery

Note: Subject of implied 'vācyaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

विदुषाम् (viduṣām) - of the wise ones (of the wise, of scholars)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, wise, learned, a scholar

Perfect Active Participle

From root √vid (to know) + -vas suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Genitive plural of 'vidvas' (wise, knowing).

वरः (varaḥ) - the foremost (best, excellent, choice, boon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, finest; a boon; a suitor

From √vṛ (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Droṇa.