महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-4, verse-4

न तु वाच्यो मृदु वचो धार्तराष्ट्रः कथंचन ।
न हि मार्दवसाध्योऽसौ पापबुद्धिर्मतो मम ॥४॥

4. na tu vācyo mṛdu vaco dhārtarāṣṭraḥ kathaṁcana ,
na hi mārdavasādhyo'sau pāpabuddhirmato mama.

4. na tu vācyaḥ mṛdu vacaḥ dhārtarāṣṭraḥ kathaṃcana
| na hi mārdavasādhyaḥ asau pāpabuddhiḥ mataḥ mama

4. However, gentle words should never be spoken to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana). Indeed, in my opinion, he is not to be won over by gentleness, as he is of an evil intellect.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said)

• मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle (soft, gentle, tender)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech (word, speech)

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - never (when used with na) (in any way, by any means, ever)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

• मार्दवसाध्यः (mārdavasādhyaḥ) - to be won over by gentleness (to be achieved/conquered by gentleness)

• असौ (asau) - he (that person) (that (person/thing))

• पापबुद्धिः (pāpabuddhiḥ) - of evil intellect (evil-minded, wicked intellect)

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered (by me), in my opinion (thought, opinion, approved)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - should be spoken (to be spoken, should be said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said, mentionable, proper to be spoken

Gerundive

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ya (kṛtya pratyaya)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally or with implied subject.

मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle (soft, gentle, tender)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, tender, mild, delicate

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech (word, speech)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - to the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Refers to Duryodhana. Syntactically nominative, as the agent of an impersonal passive construction.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - never (when used with na) (in any way, by any means, ever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'na' to form 'never'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

मार्दवसाध्यः (mārdavasādhyaḥ) - to be won over by gentleness (to be achieved/conquered by gentleness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārdavasādhya

mārdavasādhya - to be accomplished by gentleness, won by gentleness

Compound type : tatpurusha (mārdava+sādhya)

• mārdava – softness, gentleness, mildness
  noun (neuter)
• sādhya – to be accomplished, to be effected, practicable, curable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root sādh (to accomplish) with suffix -ya
  Root: sādh (class 5)

असौ (asau) - he (that person) (that (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

पापबुद्धिः (pāpabuddhiḥ) - of evil intellect (evil-minded, wicked intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpabuddhi

pāpabuddhi - evil-minded, having a wicked intellect

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+buddhi)

• pāpa – evil, bad, wicked, sin
  adjective (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

मतः (mataḥ) - considered (by me), in my opinion (thought, opinion, approved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, belief, esteemed, approved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think) with suffix -ta

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'asau'. 'He is considered (by me)'.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Agent of the past passive participle 'mataḥ'.