महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-160, verse-9

कैतव्य गत्वा भरतान्समेत्य सुयोधनं धार्तराष्ट्रं ब्रवीहि ।
तथेत्याह अर्जुनः सव्यसाची निशाव्यपाये भविता विमर्दः ॥९॥

9. kaitavya gatvā bharatānsametya; suyodhanaṁ dhārtarāṣṭraṁ bravīhi ,
tathetyāha arjunaḥ savyasācī; niśāvyapāye bhavitā vimardaḥ.

9. kaitavya gatvā bharatān sametya
suyodhanaṃ dhārtarāṣṭraṃ bravīhi
tathā iti āha arjunaḥ savyasācī
niśāvyapāye bhavitā vimardaḥ

9. kaitavya,
bharatān dhārtarāṣṭraṃ suyodhanaṃ gatvā sametya bravīhi savyasācī arjunaḥ 'niśāvyapāye vimardaḥ bhavitā' iti tathā āha

9. O deceitful one, go and meet Suyodhana, the son of Dhritarashtra, among the Bharatas (Kauravas), and tell him: 'Thus said Arjuna, the ambidextrous one: "So be it; the great battle will occur at the end of the night."'

Words meanings summery:

• कैतव्य (kaitavya) - O deceitful one, O cheat

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• भरतान् (bharatān) - to the Kauravas (to the Bharatas, to the descendants of Bharata)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having approached

• सुयोधनं (suyodhanaṁ) - Duryodhana (Suyodhana)

• धार्तराष्ट्रं (dhārtarāṣṭraṁ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (son of Dhritarashtra)

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - speak, say, tell

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, so be it

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking the end of a quotation

• आह (āha) - he said, spoke

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - An epithet of Arjuna (ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand)

• निशाव्यपाये (niśāvyapāye) - at the end of the night

• भविता (bhavitā) - will be, will happen

• विमर्दः (vimardaḥ) - the impending war (great conflict, battle, destruction, crushing)

Words meanings and morphology

कैतव्य (kaitavya) - O deceitful one, O cheat

(noun)

Vocative, neuter, singular of kaitava

kaitava - deceit, fraud, dissimulation

From kitava (gambler, cheat) with suffix -ya (denoting state or quality)

Note: Used here as a vocative, likely addressing someone with a deceitful nature.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from the root gam with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

भरतान् (bharatān) - to the Kauravas (to the Bharatas, to the descendants of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - descendant of Bharata, name of a king, a patronymic often referring to the Kauravas

Note: Refers to the Kuru family, especially the sons of Dhritarashtra.

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'sam' (together) and suffix '-ya' (l-yap)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

सुयोधनं (suyodhanaṁ) - Duryodhana (Suyodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - easy to fight (ironic for Duryodhana, often called dur-yodhana - hard to fight), proper name of Duryodhana

Note: An alternate name for Duryodhana.

धार्तराष्ट्रं (dhārtarāṣṭraṁ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (son of Dhritarashtra)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - a descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic from Dhritarashtra

Note: It is an adjective here, qualifying Suyodhana.

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - speak, say, tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative active of the root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, so be it

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking the end of a quotation

(indeclinable)

Note: It indicates the preceding words are a quotation or statement.

आह (āha) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of the root ah (often āha)

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Though grammatically perfect, it often functions as a simple past or even present in narrative.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - bright, white, proper name of a Pandava prince

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - An epithet of Arjuna (ambidextrous, one who can shoot with the left hand)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous, capable of using both hands equally well (especially in archery)

Compound of savya (left) and sācin (shooter, thrower)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand), reverse, adverse
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – shooter, thrower, one who aims
  noun (masculine)
  From root sac (to accompany, adhere), though more commonly associated with shooting/throwing in this compound context

Note: Qualifies Arjuna.

निशाव्यपाये (niśāvyapāye) - at the end of the night

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśāvyapāya

niśāvyapāya - end of night, disappearance of night

Compound of niśā (night) and vyapāya (end, cessation, departure)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+vyapāya)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• vyapāya – end, cessation, departure, disappearance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'i' (to go) with upasargas 'vi' and 'apa'
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Denotes time.

भविता (bhavitā) - will be, will happen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic future (luṭ) of bhū

Periphrastic Future

3rd person singular periphrastic future active of the root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

विमर्दः (vimardaḥ) - the impending war (great conflict, battle, destruction, crushing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimarda

vimarda - conflict, battle, destruction, crushing, friction

From root mṛd (to crush) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Subject of the verb 'bhavitā'.