महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-160, verse-28

ततः कर्णसमादिष्टा दूताः प्रत्वरिता रथैः ।
उष्ट्रवामीभिरप्यन्ये सदश्वैश्च महाजवैः ॥२८॥

28. tataḥ karṇasamādiṣṭā dūtāḥ pratvaritā rathaiḥ ,
uṣṭravāmībhirapyanye sadaśvaiśca mahājavaiḥ.

28. tataḥ karṇasamādiṣṭāḥ dūtāḥ pratvaritāḥ rathaiḥ
uṣṭravāmībhiḥ api anye sadaśvaiḥ ca mahājavaiḥ

28. tataḥ karṇasamādiṣṭāḥ dūtāḥ rathaiḥ pratvaritāḥ
anye api uṣṭravāmībhiḥ ca mahājavaiḥ sadaśvaiḥ ca

28. Then, messengers commanded by Karṇa hurried away in chariots. Others, too, sped off on camels, mares, and excellent, swiftly-moving horses.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence in time. (then, thereupon, from there)

• कर्णसमादिष्टाः (karṇasamādiṣṭāḥ) - commanded by Karṇa

• दूताः (dūtāḥ) - messengers, envoys

• प्रत्वरिताः (pratvaritāḥ) - hurried, sped off, made haste

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - Means of transport. (by chariots, with chariots)

• उष्ट्रवामीभिः (uṣṭravāmībhiḥ) - Means of transport for "anye" (others). (by camels and mares)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that "others" also went. (also, even, too)

• अन्ये (anye) - Refers to other messengers or personnel. (others)

• सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - Means of transport. (by excellent horses)

• च (ca) - Connects "camels and mares" with "excellent horses". (and)

• महाजवैः (mahājavaiḥ) - Qualifies the "excellent horses". (with great speed, very swift, highly swift)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence in time. (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

कर्णसमादिष्टाः (karṇasamādiṣṭāḥ) - commanded by Karṇa

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karṇasamādiṣṭa

karṇasamādiṣṭa - commanded by Karṇa, ordered by Karṇa

Past Passive Participle

From `samādiṣṭa` (commanded) by `karṇa`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+samādiṣṭa)

• karṇa – Karṇa (name of a warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• samādiṣṭa – commanded, ordered, instructed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix `sam` + prefix `ā` + root `diś` (to point, to direct) + suffix `kta`.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adjective for `dūtāḥ`.

दूताः (dūtāḥ) - messengers, envoys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, delegate

Note: Null verb (e.g., `jagmuḥ` - went) implied for the verse's meaning.

प्रत्वरिताः (pratvaritāḥ) - hurried, sped off, made haste

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratvarita

pratvarita - hastened, sped, hurried

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `pra` + root `tvar` (to hasten) + `kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective or predicate for `dūtāḥ`.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - Means of transport. (by chariots, with chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Instrument for travelling.

उष्ट्रवामीभिः (uṣṭravāmībhiḥ) - Means of transport for "anye" (others). (by camels and mares)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of uṣṭravāmī

uṣṭravāmī - camel and mare

Compound type : dvandva (uṣṭra+vāmī)

• uṣṭra – camel
  noun (masculine)
• vāmī – mare
  noun (feminine)

Note: Instrument for travelling.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that "others" also went. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - Refers to other messengers or personnel. (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of the implied verb of motion/action (sped off).

सदश्वैः (sadaśvaiḥ) - Means of transport. (by excellent horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - good horse, excellent horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, true, existing, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle
  Present active participle of `as` (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument for travelling.

च (ca) - Connects "camels and mares" with "excellent horses". (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Appears twice in the line, used for enumeration.

महाजवैः (mahājavaiḥ) - Qualifies the "excellent horses". (with great speed, very swift, highly swift)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahājava

mahājava - of great speed, very swift

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+java)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• java – speed, swiftness, velocity
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ju` (to be quick) or `jav`.
  Root: ju (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `sadaśvaiḥ`.