महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-160, verse-20

वासुदेवद्वितीये हि मयि क्रुद्धे नराधिप ।
आशा ते जीविते मूढ राज्ये वा केन हेतुना ॥२०॥

20. vāsudevadvitīye hi mayi kruddhe narādhipa ,
āśā te jīvite mūḍha rājye vā kena hetunā.

20. vāsudevadvitīye hi mayi kruddhe narādhipa
āśā te jīvite mūḍha rājye vā kena hetunā

20. hi narādhipa mūḍha mayi vāsudevadvitīye kruddhe,
te āśā jīvite vā rājye kena hetunā

20. Indeed, O king of men (narādhipa), O foolish one (mūḍha), when I am enraged and Vāsudeva (Krishna) is my companion, by what reason do you have hope in life or in the kingdom?

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेवद्वितीये (vāsudevadvitīye) - with Vāsudeva (Krishna) as second, having Vāsudeva (Krishna) as companion

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

• मयि (mayi) - with me (in me, on me, with me)

• क्रुद्धे (kruddhe) - angry, enraged

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Duryodhana (O king of men, O ruler)

• आशा (āśā) - hope, expectation, desire

• ते (te) - your (possessive) (your, to you)

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life

• मूढ (mūḍha) - Addressing Duryodhana (O foolish one, O deluded one)

• राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom, regarding the kingdom

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• केन (kena) - by what (by what, by which)

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेवद्वितीये (vāsudevadvitīye) - with Vāsudeva (Krishna) as second, having Vāsudeva (Krishna) as companion

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vāsudevadvitīya

vāsudevadvitīya - having Vāsudeva (Krishna) as a companion, accompanied by Vāsudeva (Krishna)

Compound of vāsudeva and dvitīya

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāsudeva+dvitīya)

• vāsudeva – Krishna (proper noun), son of Vasudeva
  proper noun (masculine)
• dvitīya – second, companion, assistant
  adjective (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + tayaṭ

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with mayi and kruddhe.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

मयि (mayi) - with me (in me, on me, with me)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Locative singular of asmad

क्रुद्धे (kruddhe) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From krudh (to be angry) + kta

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Effectively 'when I am angry'.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Duryodhana (O king of men, O ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king of men, ruler, sovereign

Compound of nara and adhipa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master, king
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-pā (to rule, protect) + ka
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

आशा (āśā) - hope, expectation, desire

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - hope, expectation, wish, desire

From āśiṣ (to wish) or ā-śās (to desire)

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

ते (te) - your (possessive) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive/Dative singular of yuṣmad (enclitic form)

Note: Enclitic form.

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood, living

Past Passive Participle

From jīv (to live) + kta, used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Originally a past participle, but commonly used as a neuter noun meaning "life".

मूढ (mūḍha) - Addressing Duryodhana (O foolish one, O deluded one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, deluded, stupid, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From muh (to be bewildered, confused) + kta

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Used as an appellative noun.

राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom, regarding the kingdom

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

From rājan (king) + ṣyañ

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects jīvite and rājye.

केन (kena) - by what (by what, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Instrumental singular of kim

हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means

Root: hi (class 3)

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