महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-160, verse-12

स दर्पपूर्णो न समीक्षसे त्वमनर्थमात्मन्यपि वर्तमानम् ।
तस्मादहं ते प्रथमं समूहे हन्ता समक्षं कुरुवृद्धमेव ॥१२॥

12. sa darpapūrṇo na samīkṣase tva;manarthamātmanyapi vartamānam ,
tasmādahaṁ te prathamaṁ samūhe; hantā samakṣaṁ kuruvṛddhameva.

12. saḥ darpapūrṇaḥ na samīkṣase tvam
anartham ātmani api vartamānam
tasmāt aham te prathamam samūhe
hantā samakṣam kuruvṛddham eva

12. saḥ darpapūrṇaḥ tvam ātmani api
vartamānam anartham na samīkṣase
tasmāt aham te samūhe prathamam
samakṣam kuruvṛddham eva hantā (asmi)

12. You, indeed, being full of arrogance, do not see the misfortune that is present even within yourself. Therefore, I shall be the foremost slayer in this assembly, in the presence of the Kuru elder (Bhishma) himself.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - you (referring to Duryodhana, often used for address or emphasis) (he, that)

• दर्पपूर्णः (darpapūrṇaḥ) - swollen with pride (describing Duryodhana) (full of pride, arrogant)

• न (na) - not, no

• समीक्षसे (samīkṣase) - you comprehend, you perceive (you see, you observe, you look into)

• त्वम् (tvam) - (Duryodhana) (you)

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - the impending disaster for yourself (misfortune, calamity, evil, danger)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - concerning yourself, within yourself (in oneself, in the self)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - existing, present, residing, being

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• अहम् (aham) - (Karna) (I)

• ते (te) - your (referring to Duryodhana's) (your, of you)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, foremost, chief

• समूहे (samūhe) - in the battle formation/assembly of warriors (your army) (in the assembly, in the host, in the battle)

• हन्ता (hantā) - slayer, killer, one who will slay

• समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before the eyes of

• कुरुवृद्धम् (kuruvṛddham) - Bhishma (the elder of the Kurus)

• एव (eva) - himself, certainly (indeed, certainly, only)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - you (referring to Duryodhana, often used for address or emphasis) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine singular nominative demonstrative pronoun

Note: Though nominative 3rd person, it often functions as an emphatic 2nd person in address.

दर्पपूर्णः (darpapūrṇaḥ) - swollen with pride (describing Duryodhana) (full of pride, arrogant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darpapūrṇa

darpapūrṇa - full of pride, arrogant, conceited

Tatpurusha compound of darpa (pride) and pūrṇa (full)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (darpa+pūrṇa)

• darpa – pride, arrogance, haughtiness
  noun (masculine)
  From root dṛp (to be proud, arrogant)
  Root: dṛp (class 4)
• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pṛ (to fill), also pūrayati (causative)
  Root: pṛ (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

समीक्षसे (samīkṣase) - you comprehend, you perceive (you see, you observe, you look into)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of īkṣ

Present tense

2nd person singular present middle (ātmanepada) of root īkṣ with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - (Duryodhana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person singular nominative pronoun

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

अनर्थम् (anartham) - the impending disaster for yourself (misfortune, calamity, evil, danger)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, uselessness

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of artha (purpose, gain, wealth, meaning)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage
  noun (masculine)

आत्मनि (ātmani) - concerning yourself, within yourself (in oneself, in the self)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, individual soul (ātman)

Locative singular of ātman

Root: an (class 2)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

वर्तमानम् (vartamānam) - existing, present, residing, being

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, present, residing, being

Present Active Participle

Present active participle, masculine singular accusative, from root vṛt (to be, exist, turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of demonstrative pronoun tad, used adverbially

अहम् (aham) - (Karna) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

1st person singular pronoun

Note: Refers to Karna in this interpretation.

ते (te) - your (referring to Duryodhana's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person singular enclitic pronoun, can be dative or genitive

Note: Qualifies 'samūhe' (your assembly/army).

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, foremost, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, prime, chief

Superlative form from pra (before)

Note: It agrees with 'aham', indicating "I, as the first".

समूहे (samūhe) - in the battle formation/assembly of warriors (your army) (in the assembly, in the host, in the battle)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samūha

samūha - assembly, collection, host, heap, multitude

From root ūh (to collect, combine) with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the battlefield or military formation.

हन्ता (hantā) - slayer, killer, one who will slay

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantṛ

hantṛ - slayer, killer, destroyer

Agent noun (future sense)

From root han (to strike, slay) with suffix -tṛ. Often functions as a periphrastic future verb when followed by an accusative object

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the speaker, Karna.

समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before the eyes of

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative, formed as a Bahuvrihi compound of saha (with) and akṣa (eye), then used as an indeclinable

Compound type : avyayībhāva (saha+akṣa)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition
• akṣa – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)

Note: It is used adverbially, modifying 'hantā'.

कुरुवृद्धम् (kuruvṛddham) - Bhishma (the elder of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuruvṛddha

kuruvṛddha - the oldest Kuru, an elder of the Kuru clan

Tatpurusha compound of kuru (Kuru) and vṛddha (old, elder)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vṛddha)

• kuru – a Kuru, descendant of Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

एव (eva) - himself, certainly (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle