महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-138, verse-2

किमब्रवीद्रथोपस्थे राधेयं परवीरहा ।
कानि सान्त्वानि गोविन्दः सूतपुत्रे प्रयुक्तवान् ॥२॥

2. kimabravīdrathopasthe rādheyaṁ paravīrahā ,
kāni sāntvāni govindaḥ sūtaputre prayuktavān.

2. kim abravīt rathopasthe rādheyaṃ paravīrahā
kāni sāntvāni govindaḥ sūtaputre prayuktavān

2. paravīrahā rathopasthe rādheyaṃ kim abravīt?
govindaḥ sūtaputre kāni sāntvāni prayuktavān?

2. What did the destroyer of enemy heroes (Kṛṣṇa) say to Rādhā's son (Karṇa) in the chariot? What consoling words did Govinda (Kṛṣṇa) use with the charioteer's son (Karṇa)?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - did (he) say (said, spoke)

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot (upon which they were seated) (in the chariot, on the chariot)

• राधेयं (rādheyaṁ) - to Karṇa, the son of Rādhā (Rādhā's son (Karṇa))

• परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - destroyer of enemy heroes (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa) (destroyer of enemy heroes)

• कानि (kāni) - what (kind of) (what, which)

• सान्त्वानि (sāntvāni) - consoling words (consoling words, gentle words, conciliatory speeches)

• गोविन्दः (govindaḥ) - Govinda (Kṛṣṇa) (Govinda (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa))

• सूतपुत्रे (sūtaputre) - to Karṇa, who was known as the son of the charioteer (Sūta) (to the son of the charioteer (Karṇa))

• प्रयुक्तवान् (prayuktavān) - did (he) use/employ (he employed, he used, he applied)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - did (he) say (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

From root brū (to speak), imperfect active 3rd person singular. Also from vac (to speak), aorist active 3rd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot (upon which they were seated) (in the chariot, on the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - forepart of a chariot, in the chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound: ratha (chariot) + upastha (lap, seat, forepart).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, vicinity, forepart
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of place.

राधेयं (rādheyaṁ) - to Karṇa, the son of Rādhā (Rādhā's son (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (an epithet for Karṇa)

A patronymic derived from Rādhā (Karṇa's foster mother).

Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt'.

परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - destroyer of enemy heroes (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa) (destroyer of enemy heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīrahā

paravīrahā - slayer of enemy heroes

Compound: para (enemy) + vīra (hero) + hā (slayer, from han).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (para+vīra+han)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, referring to Kṛṣṇa.

कानि (kāni) - what (kind of) (what, which)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Accusative plural neuter, agreeing with 'sāntvāni'.

सान्त्वानि (sāntvāni) - consoling words (consoling words, gentle words, conciliatory speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sāntva

sāntva - conciliation, soothing words, gentle address

Note: Object of 'prayuktavān'.

गोविन्दः (govindaḥ) - Govinda (Kṛṣṇa) (Govinda (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - Govinda (a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa, lit. 'finder of cows', 'protector of cows')

Compound: go (cow) + vinda (finder, protector, from vid).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (go+vinda)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• vinda – finder, obtainer, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vid (to find, know, obtain).
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'prayuktavān'.

सूतपुत्रे (sūtaputre) - to Karṇa, who was known as the son of the charioteer (Sūta) (to the son of the charioteer (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (an epithet for Karṇa)

Tatpuruṣa compound: sūta (charioteer) + putra (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, one born of a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother
  noun (masculine)
  From root sū (to urge, impel, or to generate).
  Root: sū (class 2)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative case, indicating 'to' or 'with respect to' the charioteer's son. Similar to dative function.

प्रयुक्तवान् (prayuktavān) - did (he) use/employ (he employed, he used, he applied)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayuj

prayuj - to employ, use, apply, utter

Past Active Participle (perfective)

From prefix pra (forth) + root yuj (to yoke, join, employ). Formed with the suffix -vat (kṛt pratyaya).

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, agreeing with 'govindaḥ'. This is a kṛt affix, but functionally acts as the main finite verb.