महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-138, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
राजपुत्रैः परिवृतस्तथामात्यैश्च संजय ।
उपारोप्य रथे कर्णं निर्यातो मधुसूदनः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
rājaputraiḥ parivṛtastathāmātyaiśca saṁjaya ,
upāropya rathe karṇaṁ niryāto madhusūdanaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca rājaputraiḥ parivṛtaḥ tathā amātyaiḥ
ca sañjaya upāropya rathe karṇaṃ niryātaḥ madhusūdanaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca.
sañjaya,
rājaputraiḥ tathā amātyaiḥ ca parivṛtaḥ madhusūdanaḥ karṇaṃ rathe upāropya niryātaḥ.

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O Sañjaya, Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa), surrounded by princes and ministers, departed after seating Karṇa in the chariot."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• राजपुत्रैः (rājaputraiḥ) - by the princes (Kauravas) (by princes, with princes)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, also, and)

• अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - by ministers (by ministers, with ministers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator) (O Sañjaya (a proper name))

• उपारोप्य (upāropya) - having seated (Karṇa) (having seated, having made to ascend)

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot (in the chariot, on the chariot)

• कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karṇa (a key warrior in the Mahābhārata) (Karṇa (a proper name))

• निर्यातः (niryātaḥ) - departed (departed, gone forth)

• मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa) (Madhusūdana (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name, lit. 'he who holds the kingdom')

Bahuvrīhi compound: dhṛta (held) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

From root vac (to speak), perfect active 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

राजपुत्रैः (rājaputraiḥ) - by the princes (Kauravas) (by princes, with princes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, king's son

Tatpuruṣa compound: rājan (king) + putra (son).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the participle 'parivṛtaḥ'.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pari (around) + root vṛ (to cover, encompass).

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, qualifying 'madhusūdanaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, also, and)

(indeclinable)

Adverb/conjunction.

अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - by ministers (by ministers, with ministers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, cabinet member, associate

Note: Agent of the participle 'parivṛtaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator) (O Sañjaya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (a proper name, lit. 'completely victorious')

From prefix sam (together, completely) + root ji (to conquer).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Addressing Sañjaya.

उपारोप्य (upāropya) - having seated (Karṇa) (having seated, having made to ascend)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefixes upa (near, upon) + ā (towards) + root ruh (to ascend), causative absolutive.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Action preceding 'niryātaḥ'.

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot (in the chariot, on the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Locative of place, 'where Karṇa was seated'.

कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karṇa (a key warrior in the Mahābhārata) (Karṇa (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a proper name, lit. 'ear')

Note: Object of the absolutive 'upāropya'.

निर्यातः (niryātaḥ) - departed (departed, gone forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niryāta

niryāta - departed, gone out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

From prefix nir (out) + root yā (to go). Used as an adjective here.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, qualifying 'madhusūdanaḥ', acting as a predicate.

मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa) (Madhusūdana (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - Madhusūdana (a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa, lit. 'slayer of Madhu demon')

Compound: madhu (name of a demon) + sūdana (destroyer, slayer).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – Madhu (name of a demon), honey, sweet
  proper noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroyer, slayer, subduer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root sūd (to destroy, kill).
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.