महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-119, verse-9

एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु नैमिषे पार्थिवर्षभान् ।
चतुरोऽपश्यत नृपस्तेषां मध्ये पपात सः ॥९॥

9. etasminneva kāle tu naimiṣe pārthivarṣabhān ,
caturo'paśyata nṛpasteṣāṁ madhye papāta saḥ.

9. etasmin eva kāle tu naimiṣe pārthivarṣabhān
caturaḥ apaśyata nṛpaḥ teṣām madhye papāta saḥ

9. At that very time, the king saw four excellent kings in the Naimiṣa forest. He then fell among them.

Words meanings summery:

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this, at this

• एव (eva) - very (only, just, indeed, very)

• काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• नैमिषे (naimiṣe) - in Naimiṣa, in the Naimiṣa forest

• पार्थिवर्षभान् (pārthivarṣabhān) - best of kings, excellent kings

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - he saw

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, among

• पपात (papāta) - he fell

• सः (saḥ) - he

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this, at this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

एव (eva) - very (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

नैमिषे (naimiṣe) - in Naimiṣa, in the Naimiṣa forest

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of naimiṣa

naimiṣa - pertaining to Naimiṣa, name of a forest

Note: Refers to Naimiṣāraṇya, a sacred forest.

पार्थिवर्षभान् (pārthivarṣabhān) - best of kings, excellent kings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārthivarṣabha

pārthivarṣabha - best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+ṛṣabha)

• pārthiva – king, earthly, royal
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Agrees with 'pārthivarṣabhān'.

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'dṛś' (class 1, Atm.), with augment 'a' and thematic vowel 'a' from 'paśya' stem. Past tense. Parasmaipada.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king

Note: Subject of 'apaśyata'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the four kings.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, among

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of madhya used adverbially.

पपात (papāta) - he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated past tense.

Root: pat (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to King Yayāti.