महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-119, verse-17

ययातिरुवाच ।
ययातिरस्मि राजर्षिः क्षीणपुण्यश्च्युतो दिवः ।
पतेयं सत्स्विति ध्यायन्भवत्सु पतितस्ततः ॥१७॥

17. yayātiruvāca ,
yayātirasmi rājarṣiḥ kṣīṇapuṇyaścyuto divaḥ ,
pateyaṁ satsviti dhyāyanbhavatsu patitastataḥ.

17. yayātiḥ uvāca | yayātiḥ asmi rājarṣiḥ kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ cyutaḥ
divaḥ | pateyam satsu iti dhyāyan bhavatsu patitaḥ tataḥ

17. Yayati said: "I am Yayati, a royal sage who has fallen from heaven because his accumulated merit (puṇya) has been exhausted. Reflecting, 'May I fall among virtuous people,' I have now indeed fallen among you."

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The king Yayati speaking (Yayati)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

• क्षीणपुण्यः (kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ) - refers to Yayati, whose good deeds (puṇya) are depleted (whose merit is exhausted, one whose good deeds have been consumed)

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen from heaven (fallen, dropped, deviated)

• दिवः (divaḥ) - from heaven, from the sky

• पतेयम् (pateyam) - a wish or desire (May I fall, I should fall)

• सत्सु (satsu) - among virtuous people (among the good, among the virtuous, among the existent)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

• ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - while thinking (meditating, contemplating, thinking)

• भवत्सु (bhavatsu) - among these venerable people (kings) (among you (hon.), in you, among the existent)

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - literally fallen onto the earth, among them (fallen, descended)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, indicating sequence (thereupon, then, from there)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The king Yayati speaking (Yayati)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (a celebrated ancient king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root √vac, 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (a celebrated ancient king)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

root √as, 1st person singular present active

Root: as (class 2)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - a royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – seer, sage, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

क्षीणपुण्यः (kṣīṇapuṇyaḥ) - refers to Yayati, whose good deeds (puṇya) are depleted (whose merit is exhausted, one whose good deeds have been consumed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇapuṇya

kṣīṇapuṇya - one whose merit/good deeds are exhausted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+puṇya)

• kṣīṇa – diminished, exhausted, wasted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √kṣi (to waste away)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, righteousness
  noun (neuter)

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen from heaven (fallen, dropped, deviated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated

Past Passive Participle

from √cyu (to move, fall)

Root: cyu (class 1)

दिवः (divaḥ) - from heaven, from the sky

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

पतेयम् (pateyam) - a wish or desire (May I fall, I should fall)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pat

Optative Active

root √pat, 1st person singular optative active

Root: pat (class 1)

सत्सु (satsu) - among virtuous people (among the good, among the virtuous, among the existent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real

Present Active Participle

from √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - while thinking (meditating, contemplating, thinking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, contemplating

Present Active Participle

from √dhyā (to meditate)

Root: dhyā (class 1)

Note: Acts as a verbal adjective, agreeing with the implicit subject 'I' (Yayati).

भवत्सु (bhavatsu) - among these venerable people (kings) (among you (hon.), in you, among the existent)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), being, existent

Present Active Participle

from √bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful second-person pronoun.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - literally fallen onto the earth, among them (fallen, descended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

from √pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, indicating sequence (thereupon, then, from there)

(indeclinable)