महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-119, verse-14

चतुर्षु हुतकल्पेषु राजसिंहमहाग्निषु ।
पपात मध्ये राजर्षिर्ययातिः पुण्यसंक्षये ॥१४॥

14. caturṣu hutakalpeṣu rājasiṁhamahāgniṣu ,
papāta madhye rājarṣiryayātiḥ puṇyasaṁkṣaye.

14. caturṣu hutakalpeṣu rājasiṃhamahāgniṣu
papāta madhye rājarṣiḥ yayātiḥ puṇyasaṃkṣaye

14. Upon the exhaustion of his merit (puṇya), the royal sage (rājarṣi) Yayāti fell amidst four powerful, lion-like kings, who resembled great sacrificial fires consuming offerings.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्षु (caturṣu) - among the four

• हुतकल्पेषु (hutakalpeṣu) - among those who are like offerings; like sacrifices; like consuming offerings

• राजसिंहमहाग्निषु (rājasiṁhamahāgniṣu) - among the great fires that are like lion-kings

• पपात (papāta) - he fell

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-rishi

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati

• पुण्यसंक्षये (puṇyasaṁkṣaye) - at the exhaustion of merit, when merit is depleted

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्षु (caturṣu) - among the four

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Qualifies 'rājasiṃhamahāgniṣu'.

हुतकल्पेषु (hutakalpeṣu) - among those who are like offerings; like sacrifices; like consuming offerings

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of hutakalpa

hutakalpa - like an offering, similar to a sacrifice, like that which is offered

huta (offered, sacrificed) + kalpa (like, similar to).

Compound type : tatpurusha (huta+kalpa)

• huta – offered, sacrificed, consumed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hu (to offer, sacrifice) + kta (ta).
  Root: hu (class 3)
• kalpa – like, similar to, equal to
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix kalpa meaning "like".
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājasiṃhamahāgniṣu'.

राजसिंहमहाग्निषु (rājasiṁhamahāgniṣu) - among the great fires that are like lion-kings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rājasiṃhamahāgni

rājasiṁhamahāgni - lion-like great fire (metaphor for powerful kings)

Compound of rājasiṃha and mahāgni.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājasiṃha+mahāgni)

• rājasiṃha – lion-king (a king who is like a lion)
  noun (masculine)
  rājan (king) + siṃha (lion).
• mahāgni – great fire
  noun (masculine)
  mahā (great) + agni (fire).
  Root: ag

Note: Refers to the powerful individuals (kings) among whom Yayāti fell.

पपात (papāta) - he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pat

Reduplicated perfect tense (Lit)

pa-pat-a from root pat.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The main verb, subject is 'rājarṣiḥ yayātiḥ'.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

(indeclinable)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-rishi

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage (ṛṣi)

Sandhi rājan (king) + ṛṣi (sage) -> rājarṣi.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Subject. Refers to Yayāti.

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Name of a famous ancient king, son of Nahuṣa

Note: Subject.

पुण्यसंक्षये (puṇyasaṁkṣaye) - at the exhaustion of merit, when merit is depleted

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of puṇyasaṃkṣaya

puṇyasaṁkṣaya - exhaustion/depletion of merit (puṇya)

puṇya (merit) + saṃkṣaya (exhaustion).

Compound type : tatpurusha (puṇya+saṃkṣaya)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed
  noun (neuter)
  From root puṇ (to collect, purify).
  Root: puṇ (class 10)
• saṃkṣaya – exhaustion, destruction, diminution, loss
  noun (masculine)
  sam (together, completely) + kṣaya (decay, loss). From root kṣi (to destroy, diminish).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstance/time of falling.