महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-119, verse-20

नारद उवाच ।
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु मृगचर्याक्रमागताम् ।
माधवीं प्रेक्ष्य राजानस्तेऽभिवाद्येदमब्रुवन् ॥२०॥

20. nārada uvāca ,
etasminneva kāle tu mṛgacaryākramāgatām ,
mādhavīṁ prekṣya rājānaste'bhivādyedamabruvan.

20. nāradaḥ uvāca | etasmin eva kāle tu mṛgacaryākrāmagatām
mādhavīm prekṣya rājānaḥ te abhivādya idam abruvan

20. Nārada said: "Just at that time, seeing Mādhavī (Yayati's daughter), who had arrived on a hunting expedition, the kings bowed to her and spoke as follows."

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The divine sage Narada, narrator of the epic. (Narada (a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at this very specific moment (in this, at this)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'at that very time' (just, only, indeed, very)

• काले (kāle) - the time of the dialogue between Yayati and the kings (at the time, in the time)

• तु (tu) - introduces a new turn of events. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• मृगचर्याक्रामगताम् (mṛgacaryākrāmagatām) - describes Mādhavī's activity/purpose for being there. (who had come on a hunting expedition)

• माधवीम् (mādhavīm) - refers to the specific princess Mādhavī (Madhavi (a proper name, daughter of Yayati))

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked at

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The kings Yayati was speaking to. (kings)

• ते (te) - refers to the kings (they, those)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - bowing to Mādhavī (having bowed down, having saluted)

• इदम् (idam) - refers to the statement they are about to make (this, this statement)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The divine sage Narada, narrator of the epic. (Narada (a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Narada (a divine sage, son of Brahma, celestial messenger)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root √vac, 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at this very specific moment (in this, at this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'.

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'at that very time' (just, only, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

काले (kāle) - the time of the dialogue between Yayati and the kings (at the time, in the time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

तु (tu) - introduces a new turn of events. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

मृगचर्याक्रामगताम् (mṛgacaryākrāmagatām) - describes Mādhavī's activity/purpose for being there. (who had come on a hunting expedition)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgacaryākrāmagata

mṛgacaryākrāmagata - who had come for a deer-hunt, arrived on a hunting expedition

Compound breakdown: mṛgacaryā (deer hunt) + ākrāma (approach/process) + gata (gone/come)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛgacaryā+ākrāma+gata)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• caryā – activity, conduct, roaming
  noun (feminine)
  Root: car (class 1)
• ākrāma – approach, attack, course
  noun (masculine)
  from ā + √kram (to step)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kram (class 1)
• gata – gone, come, arrived
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Mādhavīm'.

माधवीम् (mādhavīm) - refers to the specific princess Mādhavī (Madhavi (a proper name, daughter of Yayati))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mādhavī

mādhavī - Mādhavī (name of Yayati's daughter)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked at

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from pra + √īkṣ (to see) with suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Gerund, indicates an action completed before the main verb 'abruvan'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The kings Yayati was speaking to. (kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'abruvan'.

ते (te) - refers to the kings (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Emphatic or anaphoric pronoun referring to the 'rājānaḥ'.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - bowing to Mādhavī (having bowed down, having saluted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from abhi + √vad (to speak, salute) with suffix -ya

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Gerund, action prior to 'abruvan'.

इदम् (idam) - refers to the statement they are about to make (this, this statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Object of 'abruvan'.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect Active

root √vac, 3rd person plural imperfect active

Root: vac (class 2)