महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-119, verse-20

नारद उवाच ।
एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु मृगचर्याक्रमागताम् ।
माधवीं प्रेक्ष्य राजानस्तेऽभिवाद्येदमब्रुवन् ॥२०॥

20. nārada uvāca ,
etasminneva kāle tu mṛgacaryākramāgatām ,
mādhavīṁ prekṣya rājānaste'bhivādyedamabruvan.

20. nāradaḥ uvāca | etasmin eva kāle tu mṛgacaryākrāmagatām
mādhavīm prekṣya rājānaḥ te abhivādya idam abruvan

20. Nārada said: "Just at that time, seeing Mādhavī (Yayati's daughter), who had arrived on a hunting expedition, the kings bowed to her and spoke as follows."

20. נָארַדַה אמר, באותו זמן ממש ראו המלכים את מָאדְהַוִי המגיעה בדרך חיי הצבאים, קדו לה ואמרו את הדברים האלה.

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The divine sage Narada, narrator of the epic. (Narada (a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at this very specific moment (in this, at this)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'at that very time' (just, only, indeed, very)

• काले (kāle) - the time of the dialogue between Yayati and the kings (at the time, in the time)

• तु (tu) - introduces a new turn of events. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• मृगचर्याक्रामगताम् (mṛgacaryākrāmagatām) - describes Mādhavī's activity/purpose for being there. (who had come on a hunting expedition)

• माधवीम् (mādhavīm) - refers to the specific princess Mādhavī (Madhavi (a proper name, daughter of Yayati))

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked at

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The kings Yayati was speaking to. (kings)

• ते (te) - refers to the kings (they, those)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - bowing to Mādhavī (having bowed down, having saluted)

• इदम् (idam) - refers to the statement they are about to make (this, this statement)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The divine sage Narada, narrator of the epic. (Narada (a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Narada (a divine sage, son of Brahma, celestial messenger)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root √vac, 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at this very specific moment (in this, at this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'.

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'at that very time' (just, only, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

काले (kāle) - the time of the dialogue between Yayati and the kings (at the time, in the time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

तु (tu) - introduces a new turn of events. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

मृगचर्याक्रामगताम् (mṛgacaryākrāmagatām) - describes Mādhavī's activity/purpose for being there. (who had come on a hunting expedition)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgacaryākrāmagata

mṛgacaryākrāmagata - who had come for a deer-hunt, arrived on a hunting expedition

Compound breakdown: mṛgacaryā (deer hunt) + ākrāma (approach/process) + gata (gone/come)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛgacaryā+ākrāma+gata)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• caryā – activity, conduct, roaming
  noun (feminine)
  Root: car (class 1)
• ākrāma – approach, attack, course
  noun (masculine)
  from ā + √kram (to step)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kram (class 1)
• gata – gone, come, arrived
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Mādhavīm'.

माधवीम् (mādhavīm) - refers to the specific princess Mādhavī (Madhavi (a proper name, daughter of Yayati))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mādhavī

mādhavī - Mādhavī (name of Yayati's daughter)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked at

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from pra + √īkṣ (to see) with suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Gerund, indicates an action completed before the main verb 'abruvan'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The kings Yayati was speaking to. (kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'abruvan'.

ते (te) - refers to the kings (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Emphatic or anaphoric pronoun referring to the 'rājānaḥ'.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - bowing to Mādhavī (having bowed down, having saluted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from abhi + √vad (to speak, salute) with suffix -ya

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Gerund, action prior to 'abruvan'.

इदम् (idam) - refers to the statement they are about to make (this, this statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Object of 'abruvan'.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect Active

root √vac, 3rd person plural imperfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

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