महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-119, verse-15

तमाहुः पार्थिवाः सर्वे प्रतिमानमिव श्रियः ।
को भवान्कस्य वा बन्धुर्देशस्य नगरस्य वा ॥१५॥

15. tamāhuḥ pārthivāḥ sarve pratimānamiva śriyaḥ ,
ko bhavānkasya vā bandhurdeśasya nagarasya vā.

15. tam āhuḥ pārthivāḥ sarve pratimānam iva śriyaḥ
kaḥ bhavān kasya vā bandhuḥ deśasya nagarasya vā

15. All the kings addressed him, who was like an embodiment of splendor (śrī): "Who are you, and whose relative are you? From which country or city do you come?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they said, they addressed

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - the kings, the earthly rulers

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• प्रतिमानम् (pratimānam) - a model, an image, an embodiment, a likeness

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of splendor, of glory, of wealth, of fortune

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose? of whom?

• वा (vā) - or

• बन्धुः (bandhuḥ) - relative, kinsman, friend

• देशस्य (deśasya) - of the country, of the region

• नगरस्य (nagarasya) - of the city, of the town

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'. Refers to Yayāti.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they said, they addressed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of brū

Perfect tense (Lit), 3rd person plural

From root vac or brū (irregular perfect).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb for "they said".

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - the kings, the earthly rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - belonging to the earth, earthly, king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) + suffix aṇ meaning 'belonging to'.

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

प्रतिमानम् (pratimānam) - a model, an image, an embodiment, a likeness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratimāna

pratimāna - image, likeness, standard, measure, embodiment

prati (in return, corresponding to) + māna (measure, standard).

Prefix: prati

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Functions as the object of comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of splendor, of glory, of wealth, of fortune

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, prosperity, wealth, beauty, fortune, goddess Lakṣmī

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Connected to 'pratimānam' (embodiment of splendor).

कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of "are you" (implied).

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite address)

Present active participle of bhū (to be, to exist).

From root bhū + śatṛ (at). Functions as a polite pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject.

कस्य (kasya) - whose? of whom?

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Connected to 'bandhuḥ'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing alternative.

Note: Connects alternative questions.

बन्धुः (bandhuḥ) - relative, kinsman, friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bandhu

bandhu - kinsman, relative, friend, connection

From root bandh (to bind, connect).

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative.

देशस्य (deśasya) - of the country, of the region

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - country, region, place

From root diś (to point, indicate).

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Forms part of the question "of which country".

नगरस्य (nagarasya) - of the city, of the town

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Forms part of the question "or city".

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing alternative.

Note: Connects 'deśasya' and 'nagarasya'.