महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-35, verse-3

गावो राष्ट्रस्य कुरुभिः काल्यन्ते नो बृहन्नडे ।
तान्विजेतुं मम भ्राता प्रयास्यति धनुर्धरः ॥३॥

3. gāvo rāṣṭrasya kurubhiḥ kālyante no bṛhannaḍe ,
tānvijetuṁ mama bhrātā prayāsyati dhanurdharaḥ.

3. gāvaḥ rāṣṭrasya kurubhiḥ kālyante naḥ bṛhannade
tān vijetum mama bhrātā prayāsyati dhanurdharaḥ

3. O Bṛhannaḷā, the Kurus are driving away the cows of our kingdom. My brother, the archer, will set out to defeat them.

Words meanings summery:

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle

• राष्ट्रस्य (rāṣṭrasya) - of the kingdom, of the country

• कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - by the Kauravas (Duryodhana's army) (by the Kurus)

• काल्यन्ते (kālyante) - they are being driven, they are being led

• नः (naḥ) - our, to us

• बृहन्नदे (bṛhannade) - Addressing Arjuna, who is disguised as Bṛhannaḷā (O Bṛhannaḷā)

• तान् (tān) - the Kurus (them, those (masculine))

• विजेतुम् (vijetum) - to conquer, to defeat, to win

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - Uttara, son of King Virāṭa (brother)

• प्रयास्यति (prayāsyati) - he will go, he will set out, he will proceed

• धनुर्धरः (dhanurdharaḥ) - Uttara (brother of princess Uttarā) (archer, bearer of a bow)

Words meanings and morphology

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth

Note: Subject of 'kālyante'

राष्ट्रस्य (rāṣṭrasya) - of the kingdom, of the country

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, nation

कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - by the Kauravas (Duryodhana's army) (by the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king, or his descendants)

Note: Agent in passive construction

काल्यन्ते (kālyante) - they are being driven, they are being led

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of kal

Present Passive

3rd person plural, present, passive voice. From root 'kal' (10th class causative form 'kalaya' or 'kālaya' used in passive)

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: The passive agent is 'kurubhiḥ'

नः (naḥ) - our, to us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive, 'our kingdom'

बृहन्नदे (bṛhannade) - Addressing Arjuna, who is disguised as Bṛhannaḷā (O Bṛhannaḷā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bṛhannalā

bṛhannalā - Bṛhannaḷā (name of Arjuna's disguise)

Note: While the name is feminine in form, it refers to Arjuna.

तान् (tān) - the Kurus (them, those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'vijetum'

विजेतुम् (vijetum) - to conquer, to defeat, to win

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'vi', and suffix '-tum'

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive

भ्राता (bhrātā) - Uttara, son of King Virāṭa (brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Subject of 'prayāsyati'

प्रयास्यति (prayāsyati) - he will go, he will set out, he will proceed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yā

Future Active

3rd person singular, future tense, active voice, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

धनुर्धरः (dhanurdharaḥ) - Uttara (brother of princess Uttarā) (archer, bearer of a bow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanurdhara

dhanurdhara - archer, bearer of a bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+dhara)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearer, holder
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dhṛ'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'bhrātā'