महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-35, verse-16

उत्तर उवाच ।
बृहन्नडे गायनो वा नर्तनो वा पुनर्भव ।
क्षिप्रं मे रथमास्थाय निगृह्णीष्व हयोत्तमान् ॥१६॥

16. uttara uvāca ,
bṛhannaḍe gāyano vā nartano vā punarbhava ,
kṣipraṁ me rathamāsthāya nigṛhṇīṣva hayottamān.

16. uttaraḥ uvāca | bṛhannade gāyanaḥ vā nartanaḥ vā punaḥ
bhava | kṣipram me ratham āsthāya nigṛhṇīṣva hayottaman

16. Uttara said: "Bṛhannadā, whether you are a singer or a dancer, become a charioteer again! Quickly mount my chariot and rein in the best horses."

Words meanings summery:

• उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Prince Uttara (Uttara, the northern one, superior)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बृहन्नदे (bṛhannade) - Arjuna, disguised as Bṛhannadā (O Bṛhannadā!)

• गायनः (gāyanaḥ) - a singer

• वा (vā) - or, either

• नर्तनः (nartanaḥ) - a dancer

• वा (vā) - or, either

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, further

• भव (bhava) - become, be

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• मे (me) - my, to me

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (the chariot) (having mounted, having taken up, having resorted to)

• निगृह्णीष्व (nigṛhṇīṣva) - rein in (the horses) (restrain, seize, curb)

• हयोत्तमन् (hayottaman) - best horses

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Prince Uttara (Uttara, the northern one, superior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (a proper name); northern; later; higher; superior; reply

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

बृहन्नदे (bṛhannade) - Arjuna, disguised as Bṛhannadā (O Bṛhannadā!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bṛhannadā

bṛhannadā - Bṛhannadā (Arjuna's name during disguise as a eunuch)

Note: Addressed to Arjuna in his disguise.

गायनः (gāyanaḥ) - a singer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāyana

gāyana - a singer, one who sings

derived from root gā (to sing)

Root: gā (class 3)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

नर्तनः (nartanaḥ) - a dancer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nartana

nartana - a dancer, an actor, dancing, performing

derived from root nṛt (to dance)

Root: nṛt (class 4)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, further

(indeclinable)

भव (bhava) - become, be

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative Active

Imperative 2nd person singular, root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative singular.

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, us, our

Note: Enclitic form of genitive/dative singular of asmad.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, carriage, car

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (the chariot) (having mounted, having taken up, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of root sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

निगृह्णीष्व (nigṛhṇīṣva) - rein in (the horses) (restrain, seize, curb)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of nigrah

Imperative Middle

Imperative 2nd person singular, middle voice, of root grah with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

हयोत्तमन् (hayottaman) - best horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - best horses, excellent horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)