महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-23, verse-23

बृहन्नडोवाच ।
बृहन्नडापि कल्याणि दुःखमाप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् ।
तिर्यग्योनिगता बाले न चैनामवबुध्यसे ॥२३॥

23. bṛhannaḍovāca ,
bṛhannaḍāpi kalyāṇi duḥkhamāpnotyanuttamam ,
tiryagyonigatā bāle na caināmavabudhyase.

23. bṛhannadā uvāca bṛhannadā api kalyāṇi duḥkham āpnoti
anuttamam tiryagyoni-gatā bāle na ca enām avabudhyase

23. Bṛhannadā said: 'O auspicious one, Bṛhannadā also experiences unsurpassed suffering. O child, you do not understand this (suffering) of hers, which is like being reduced to an animal state.'

Words meanings summery:

• बृहन्नदा (bṛhannadā) - Bṛhannadā, Arjuna's name during his disguise as a eunuch (Bṛhannadā (Arjuna in disguise))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बृहन्नदा (bṛhannadā) - Bṛhannadā, Arjuna's name during his disguise as a eunuch (Bṛhannadā (Arjuna in disguise))

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O virtuous one

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain, distress

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he/she attains, he/she obtains, he/she experiences

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent

• तिर्यग्योनि-गता (tiryagyoni-gatā) - gone to an animal species, fallen to a lowly state, born as an animal

• बाले (bāle) - O child, O young woman

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनाम् (enām) - this (suffering) (her, this)

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend

Words meanings and morphology

बृहन्नदा (bṛhannadā) - Bṛhannadā, Arjuna's name during his disguise as a eunuch (Bṛhannadā (Arjuna in disguise))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bṛhannadā

bṛhannadā - Name of Arjuna in disguise as a eunuch dance teacher

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: perfect tense form

बृहन्नदा (bṛhannadā) - Bṛhannadā, Arjuna's name during his disguise as a eunuch (Bṛhannadā (Arjuna in disguise))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bṛhannadā

bṛhannadā - Name of Arjuna in disguise as a eunuch dance teacher

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O virtuous one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, beautiful, virtuous, good; a welfare; a beautiful woman

Note: Addressing Draupadī

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain, distress

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, distress

Note: Object of āpnoti

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he/she attains, he/she obtains, he/she experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent, best

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+uttama)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, supreme, superior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'

तिर्यग्योनि-गता (tiryagyoni-gatā) - gone to an animal species, fallen to a lowly state, born as an animal

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tiryagyoni-gata

tiryagyoni-gata - gone to an animal species, fallen to a lowly state

Compound type : tatpurusha (tiryagyoni+gata)

• tiryagyoni – animal birth, animal species, brute creation
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, arrived at, obtained, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bṛhannadā (implied by context as 'she' who is suffering).

बाले (bāle) - O child, O young woman

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bālā

bālā - young girl, child, young woman

Note: Addressing Draupadī

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनाम् (enām) - this (suffering) (her, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of enad

enad - this, that

Note: Refers to the suffering Bṛhannadā experiences.

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of budh

root verb with preverb ava

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)