महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-23, verse-17

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः सा नर्तनागारे धनंजयमपश्यत ।
राज्ञः कन्या विराटस्य नर्तयानं महाभुजम् ॥१७॥

17. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ sā nartanāgāre dhanaṁjayamapaśyata ,
rājñaḥ kanyā virāṭasya nartayānaṁ mahābhujam.

17. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ sā nartanāgāre dhanañjayam
apaśyat rājñaḥ kanyā virāṭasya nartayānam mahābhujam

17. Vaishampayana said: 'Then she (Draupadi) saw Dhananjaya (Arjuna) in the dancing hall; he was the great-armed one, dancing, and King Virata's daughter (Uttaraa) was also present.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Name of the sage who narrates the Mahabharata (Vaishampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• सा (sā) - Refers to Draupadi (she)

• नर्तनागारे (nartanāgāre) - in the dancing hall

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Epithet of Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, disguised as Brihannala (Dhananjaya)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw, beheld

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Refers to King Virata (of the king)

• कन्या (kanyā) - Refers to Uttaraa, King Virata's daughter (daughter, maiden)

• विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - Refers to King Virata, whose daughter is present (of Virata)

• नर्तयानम् (nartayānam) - Describes Dhananjaya (Arjuna was disguised as Brihannala, a dance teacher). (dancing, teaching to dance)

• महाभुजम् (mahābhujam) - An epithet of Arjuna, describing his physique (the great-armed one)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Name of the sage who narrates the Mahabharata (Vaishampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana

Note: Speaker

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - Refers to Draupadi (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Subject of 'apaśyat'

नर्तनागारे (nartanāgāre) - in the dancing hall

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nartanāgāra

nartanāgāra - dancing hall

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nartana+āgāra)

• nartana – dancing, dance
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root nṛt (to dance)
  Root: nṛt (class 4)
• āgāra – house, room, hall
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where Dhananjaya was seen

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Epithet of Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, disguised as Brihannala (Dhananjaya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhananjaya (epithet of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquering
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, augment 'a' prefix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - Refers to King Virata (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Possessive case for 'kanyā'

कन्या (kanyā) - Refers to Uttaraa, King Virata's daughter (daughter, maiden)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - daughter, maiden, girl

Note: Subject of an implied verb, indicating her presence in the scene

विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - Refers to King Virata, whose daughter is present (of Virata)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virata (proper noun, king of Matsya kingdom)

Note: Possessive case, specifies whose daughter

नर्तयानम् (nartayānam) - Describes Dhananjaya (Arjuna was disguised as Brihannala, a dance teacher). (dancing, teaching to dance)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nartayat

nartayat - dancing, causing to dance, teaching dance

Present Active Participle (Causative)

derived from causative stem of root nṛt (to dance)

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Dhananjayam

महाभुजम् (mahābhujam) - An epithet of Arjuna, describing his physique (the great-armed one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābhuja

mahābhuja - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhuja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhuja – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Dhananjayam