महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-23, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ते दृष्ट्वा निहतान्सूतान्राज्ञे गत्वा न्यवेदयन् ।
गन्धर्वैर्निहता राजन्सूतपुत्राः परःशताः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
te dṛṣṭvā nihatānsūtānrājñe gatvā nyavedayan ,
gandharvairnihatā rājansūtaputrāḥ paraḥśatāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca te dṛṣṭvā nihatān sūtān rājñe gatvā
nyavedayan gandharvaiḥ nihatāḥ rājan sūtaputrāḥ paraḥśatāḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Seeing those slain charioteers, they went to the king and reported, 'O King, more than a hundred charioteers' sons have been killed by Gandharvas.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper noun, name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ते (te) - The informants (the men and women from the previous verse). (they, those)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed, destroyed

• सूतान् (sūtān) - The Kīcakas and their followers (charioteers, bards, attendants)

• राज्ञे (rājñe) - To King Virāṭa (to the king)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• न्यवेदयन् (nyavedayan) - they informed, they reported

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the celestial musicians (a deceptive explanation for the king, as Bhīma killed them). (by Gandharvas)

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - slain, killed, destroyed

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• सूतपुत्राः (sūtaputrāḥ) - The Kīcakas, referred to as 'sūtaputra' (sons of charioteers, attendants)

• परःशताः (paraḥśatāḥ) - more than a hundred

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper noun, name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya

Note: The narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Active 3rd Singular

Derived from √vac (to speak), perfect tense (lit) has an irregular stem 'ūc-'.

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - The informants (the men and women from the previous verse). (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the gathered men and women who went to the king.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'sūtān'.

सूतान् (sūtān) - The Kīcakas and their followers (charioteers, bards, attendants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, one of mixed caste

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

राज्ञे (rājñe) - To King Virāṭa (to the king)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Recipient of the information, King Virāṭa.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from √gam (to go) with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

न्यवेदयन् (nyavedayan) - they informed, they reported

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √vid

Imperfect Active 3rd Plural (causative)

Derived from √vid (to know) in its causative form (vedaya-) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 2)

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the celestial musicians (a deceptive explanation for the king, as Bhīma killed them). (by Gandharvas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - celestial musician, a class of semi-divine beings

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - slain, killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sūtaputrāḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

सूतपुत्राः (sūtaputrāḥ) - The Kīcakas, referred to as 'sūtaputra' (sons of charioteers, attendants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer, son of a sūta

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, one of mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the slain Kīcakas.

परःशताः (paraḥśatāḥ) - more than a hundred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paraḥśata

paraḥśata - more than a hundred

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+śata)

• para – beyond, other, supreme
  indeclinable
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sūtaputrāḥ'.